SynthesisJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2016
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Childhood Blood Lead Levels Among Children <72 Months of Age in the United States: a Systematic Review of the Literature.
Synthesis in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Burdens of Idiopathic Developmental Intellectual Disability Attributable to Lead Exposure from 1990 to 2023 and a Projection to 2050 in the USA: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Developmental lead exposure and aggression in male rats: Influences of maternal care and environmental enrichment.Toxicology reports · 2025Article
- PREGNANCY DISORDERS AND MATERNAL CONSEQUENCES: Ethnic disparities in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.Reproduction (Cambridge, England) · 2025Review
- Evidence for Environmental Risk Factors and Cumulative Stress Linking Racial/Ethnic Identity and Psychotic-Like Experiences in ABCD Study Data.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2025Article
- Visualizing Parcel-Level Lead Risk Using an Exterior Housing-Based Index.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Inequities in Student Exposure to Lead in Classroom Drinking Fountains: Descriptive Evidence Comparing Students within and Across Schools in Portland, Oregon.Urban education · 2024Article
- Influences of quality of maternal care and environmental enrichment on associative memory function in rats with early life lead exposure.Brain and behavior · 2024Article
- Do we underestimate risk of cardiovascular mortality due to lead exposure?The Science of the total environment · 2024Article
- The contribution of secondhand tobacco smoke to blood lead levels in US children and adolescents: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES 2015-2018.BMC public health · 2023Article
- The association between lead exposure and crime: A systematic review.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- National-Scale Assessment of Environmental Justice Trends in Public School Proximity to Industrial Lead Sources.Environmental justice (Print) · 2022Article
- Risk Factors for Lead Toxicity and its Effect on Neurobehavior in Indian Children.Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB · 2022Article
- Health inequities and the inappropriate use of race in nephrology.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2022Review
- Effects of accumulated environmental, social and host exposures on early childhood educational outcomes.Environmental research · 2021Article
- COVID-19 and children's health in the United States: Consideration of physical and social environments during the pandemic.Environmental research · 2021Review
- Increased Risk of Sub-Clinical Blood Lead Levels in the 20-County Metro Atlanta, Georgia Area-A Laboratory Surveillance-Based Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Chronic developmental lead exposure increases μ-opiate receptor levels in the adolescent rat brain.Neurotoxicology · 2021Article
- Perspectives from the Society for Pediatric Research: contaminants of water and children's health: Can we do better?Pediatric research · 2020Review
- Disparity in Risk Factor Severity for Early Childhood Blood Lead among Predominantly African-American Black Children: The 1999 to 2010 US NHANES.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Case-control investigation of occupational lead exposure and kidney cancer.Occupational and environmental medicine · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Childhood lead poisoning is a serious public health problem with long-term adverse effects. Healthy People 2020's environmental health objective aims to reduce childhood blood lead levels; however, efforts may be hindered by potential racial/ethnic differences. Recent recommendations have lowered the blood lead reference level. This review examined racial/ethnic differences in blood lead levels among children under 6 years of age. We completed a search of PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases for published works from 2002 to 2012. We identified studies that reported blood lead levels and the race/ethnicity of at least two groups. Ten studies met inclusion criteria for the review. Blood lead levels were most frequently reported for black, white, and Hispanic children. Six studies examined levels between blacks, whites, and Hispanics and two between blacks and whites. Studies reporting mean lead levels among black, whites, and Hispanics found that blacks had the highest mean blood lead level. Additionally, studies reporting blood lead ranges found that black children were more likely to have elevated levels. Studies suggest that black children have higher blood lead levels compared to other racial/ethnic groups. Future studies are warranted to obtain ample sample sizes for several racial/ethnic groups to further examine differences in lead levels.
Indexed as
Identifiers
26896114What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.