Trial reportJournal of reproductive immunology2016
Adaptation of the inflammatory immune response across pregnancy and postpartum in Black and White women.
Trial report in Journal of reproductive immunology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Feasibility Study ofNutrients · 2023Trial
- Effects of vitamin D supplementation on circulating concentrations of growth factors and immune-mediators in healthy women during pregnancy.Pediatric research · 2021Trial
- Association between reproductive history, white matter integrity, and cognition in post-menopausal Latina women from the Boston Latino Aging Study.Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology · 2026Observational
- SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and neurodevelopmental outcomes in early childhood.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Single-cell and proteomic profiling unveil aberrant immune phenotypes in gestational diabetes following assisted reproductive technology.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Environmental and genetic risk factors for preterm birth: interplays with stressful events during pregnancy.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Vitamin D Deficiency and IL-6: Risk Factors for Preterm Birth in Black Women: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Cardiovascular Disease: A Spanish Cohort.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Pathways to maternal health inequities: Structural racism, sleep, and physiological stress.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Review
- Estimating the associations between women's maltreatment in childhood and inflammatory biomarker levels prior to and during pregnancy.PloS one · 2025Article
- Synergistic Effects of Radiotherapy and PD‑1 Blockade in a Human‑Mimetic BRCAness Model of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Article
- Correlating maternal and cord-blood inflammatory markers and BDNF with human fetal brain activity recorded by magnetoencephalography: An exploratory study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Exploring causal mechanisms of psychosis risk.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2024Review
- Biological Basis of Breast Cancer-Related Disparities in Precision Oncology Era.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Adverse pregnancy outcomes as a risk factor for new-onset metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in postpartum women: A nationwide study.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2024Article
- Prenatal mood and anxiety disorders and associated cytokine changes.Journal of affective disorders · 2024Article
- Neighborhood racial composition and experiences of racial discrimination: Associations with cytokines during pregnancy among African American women.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Update on sex specific risk factors in cardiovascular disease.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
- The Role of Genetics in Preterm Birth.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2023Review
- Influence of Breastfeeding on the State of Meta-Inflammation in Obesity-A Narrative Review.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Pregnancy is a period of considerable physiological adaption in neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, as well as immune function. Understanding of typical changes in inflammatory immune responses during healthy pregnancy is incomplete. In addition, despite considerable racial difference in adverse pregnancy outcomes, data are lacking on potential racial differences in such adaptation. This repeated measures prospective cohort study included 37 Black and 39 White women who provided blood samples during early, mid-, and late pregnancy and 8-10 weeks postpartum. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24h and supernatants assayed by electrochemiluminescence to quantify interleukin(IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, IL-1β, and IL-8 production. While no changes were observed in IL-8 production over time, significant increases in IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β production were observed from early to late pregnancy, with subsequent declines approaching early pregnancy values at postpartum (ps<0.05). Overall, inflammatory response patterns were highly similar among Black versus White women. However, Black women had greater TNF-α production during mid-pregnancy (p=0.002) and marginally lower IL-1β production at postpartum (p=0.054). These data show a clear trajectory of change in the inflammatory immune response across pregnancy and postpartum. In this cohort of generally healthy women, Black and White women exhibited minimal differences in LPS-stimulated cytokine production across the perinatal period. Future prospective studies in Black and White women with healthy versus adverse outcomes (e.g., preeclampsia, preterm birth) would inform our understanding of the potential role of immune dysregulation in pregnant women and in relation to racial disparities in perinatal health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.