ArticleOncotarget2016
Bladder cancer cells secrete while normal bladder cells express but do not secrete AGR2.
Article in Oncotarget, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Agr2 in cancer and beyond: unraveling its role during protein synthesis, ER stress, and as a predictive biomarker.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2025Review
- Exploring Potential for Repurposing Antiretroviral Drugs Etravirine and Efavirenz in Prostate and Bladder Cancer.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- DR5 Disulfide Bonding Functions as a Sensor and Effector of Protein Folding Stress.Molecular cancer research : MCR · 2025Article
- AGR2: The Covert Driver and New Dawn of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer Treatment.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- AGR2-mediated unconventional secretion of 14-3-3ε and α-actinin-4, responsive to ER stress and autophagy, drives chemotaxis in canine mammary tumor cells.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2024Article
- Exploring Darunavir, Rilpivirine and Etravirine as Potential Therapies for Bladder Cancer: Efficacy and Synergistic Effects.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Prostate cancer research: tools, cell types, and molecular targets.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- The opposing action of stromal cell proenkephalin and stem cell transcription factors in prostate cancer differentiation.BMC cancer · 2021Article
- Review
- Article
- From development to cancer - an ever-increasing role of AGR2.American journal of cancer research · 2021Review
- Secretion of pro-oncogenic AGR2 protein in cancer.Heliyon · 2020Review
- AGR2, a unique tumor-associated antigen, is a promising candidate for antibody targeting.Oncotarget · 2019Article
- Review
- New Insights in Bladder Cancer Diagnosis: Urinary miRNAs and Proteins.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Review
- Identification, characterization and application of a new peptide against anterior gradient homolog 2 (AGR2).Oncotarget · 2018Article
- Association of increased primary breast tumorOncotarget · 2018Article
- Cancer-secreted AGR2 induces programmed cell death in normal cells.Oncotarget · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) is a cancer-associated secreted protein found predominantly in adenocarcinomas. Given its ubiquity in solid tumors, cancer-secreted AGR2 could be a useful biomarker in urine or blood for early detection. However, normal organs express and might also secrete AGR2, which would impact its utility as a cancer biomarker. Uniform AGR2 expression is found in the normal bladder urothelium. Little AGR2 is secreted by the urothelial cells as no measurable amounts could be detected in urine. The urinary proteomes of healthy people contain no listing for AGR2. Likewise, the blood proteomes of healthy people also contain no significant peptide counts for AGR2 suggesting little urothelial secretion into capillaries of the lamina propria. Expression of AGR2 is lost in urothelial carcinoma, with only 25% of primary tumors observed to retain AGR2 expression in a cohort of lymph node-positive cases. AGR2 is secreted by the urothelial carcinoma cells as urinary AGR2 was measured in the voided urine of 25% of the cases analyzed in a cohort of cancer vs. non-cancer patients. The fraction of AGR2-positive urine samples was consistent with the fraction of urothelial carcinoma that stained positive for AGR2. Since cancer cells secrete AGR2 while normal cells do not, its measurement in body fluids could be used to indicate tumor presence. Furthermore, AGR2 has also been found on the cell surface of cancer cells. Taken together, secretion and cell surface localization of AGR2 are characteristic of cancer, while expression of AGR2 by itself is not.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.