ArticlePloS one2016
Focal Length Affects Depicted Shape and Perception of Facial Images.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Self-reported aggressiveness does not follow facial masculinization in diverse South Asian populations.PNAS nexus · 2026Article
- The interactive role of odor associations in friendship preferences.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Sexual Dimorphism: The Interrelation of Shape and Color.Archives of sexual behavior · 2024Article
- How Camera-to-Subject Distance and Height Affect Breast Measurement and Follow-Up Assessment in Plastic Surgery.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2024Article
- Consumer attitudes toward aging skin during the COVID-19 pandemic.International journal of women's dermatology · 2023Article
- Congruence in European and Asian perception of Vietnamese facial attractiveness, averageness, symmetry and sexual dimorphism.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- COVID Pandemic Aftermath: Changing Dynamics on Cosmetic and Aesthetic Surgery Demands.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2023Article
- Preference for leaders with high and low facial width-to-height ratios: moderating roles of political ideology and voting context.Current issues in personality psychology · 2023Article
- Attractive and healthy-looking male faces do not show higher immunoreactivity.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Africans and Europeans differ in their facial perception of dominance and sex-typicality: a multidimensional Bayesian approach.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Life after lockdown: Zooming out on perceptions in the post-videoconferencing era.International journal of women's dermatology · 2021Article
- The Impact of COVID-19 on Patient Interest in Facial Plastic Surgery.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2021Article
- Has the COVID-19 pandemic changed attitudes and behaviors concerning cosmetic care and procedures among patients presenting to the dermatology outpatient clinic? A multicenter study with 1437 participants.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2021Article
- Zooming into cosmetic procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic: The provider's perspective.International journal of women's dermatology · 2021Article
- Environmental convergence in facial preferences: a cross-group comparison of Asian Vietnamese, Czech Vietnamese, and Czechs.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Toward a New Approach to Cross-Cultural Distinctiveness and Typicality of Human Faces: The Cross-Group Typicality/ Distinctiveness Metric.Frontiers in psychology · 2019Article
- Article
- 360 Degrees of Facial Perception: Congruence in Perception of Frontal Portrait, Profile, and Rotation Photographs.Frontiers in psychology · 2018Article
- Predictors of Fighting Ability Inferences Based on Faces.Frontiers in psychology · 2018Article
- No evidence that facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) is associated with women's sexual desire.PloS one · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Static photographs are currently the most often employed stimuli in research on social perception. The method of photograph acquisition might affect the depicted subject's facial appearance and thus also the impression of such stimuli. An important factor influencing the resulting photograph is focal length, as different focal lengths produce various levels of image distortion. Here we tested whether different focal lengths (50, 85, 105 mm) affect depicted shape and perception of female and male faces. We collected three portrait photographs of 45 (22 females, 23 males) participants under standardized conditions and camera setting varying only in the focal length. Subsequently, the three photographs from each individual were shown on screen in a randomized order using a 3-alternative forced-choice paradigm. The images were judged for attractiveness, dominance, and femininity/masculinity by 369 raters (193 females, 176 males). Facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) was measured from each photograph and overall facial shape was analysed employing geometric morphometric methods (GMM). Our results showed that photographs taken with 50 mm focal length were rated as significantly less feminine/masculine, attractive, and dominant compared to the images taken with longer focal lengths. Further, shorter focal lengths produced faces with smaller fWHR. Subsequent GMM revealed focal length significantly affected overall facial shape of the photographed subjects. Thus methodology of photograph acquisition, focal length in this case, can significantly affect results of studies using photographic stimuli perhaps due to different levels of perspective distortion that influence shapes and proportions of morphological traits.
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