SynthesisInternational urogynecology journal2016
Obstetric anal sphincter injuries after episiotomy: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in International urogynecology journal, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effects of the Pilates Method on Pelvic Floor Injuries During Pregnancy and Childbirth: A Quasi-experimental Study
Physiotherapeutic Protocol Compared to Usual Care in the Treatment of Postpartum Primiparas After Perineal Trauma: A Type 1 Hybrid Effectiveness-Implementation Randomized Controlled Trial With Economic Evaluation
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- Selective episiotomy versus no episiotomy for severe perineal trauma: a systematic review with meta-analysis.International urogynecology journal · 2020Pooled it
- Birth-Related Perineal Trauma in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Maternal and child health journal · 2019Pooled it
- Episcissors-60 in Obstetrics Anal Sphincter Injury (OASI): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International urogynecology journal · 2026Review
- Standardized Episiotomy Using a Blade-Based Device Reduces Long-Term Perineal Pain and Improves Sexual Function: A Randomized Controlled Trial.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- National trends of episiotomy in non-instrumental vaginal deliveries (2013-2022): A multi-data source approach.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Article
- Perspective on Perinatal Birth Canal Injuries: An Analysis of Risk Factors, Injury Mechanisms, Treatment Methods, and Patients' Quality of Life: A Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Midwives' approach to the prevention and repair of obstetric perineal trauma in Spain.Nursing open · 2024Observational
- Re-evaluation of modifiable risk factors for obstetric anal sphincter injury in a real-world setting.International urogynecology journal · 2023Article
- Risk of obstetric anal sphincter injury associated with female genital mutilation/cutting and timing of deinfibulation.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2022Article
- An Alternative Digital Image Correlation-Based Experimental Approach to Estimate Fracture Parameters in Fibrous Soft Materials.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Temporal decline in the improved detection rates following OASIS workshops.International urogynecology journal · 2021Article
- New approach to the evaluation of perineal measurements to predict the likelihood of the need for an episiotomy.International urogynecology journal · 2019Observational
- Article
- Prospective comparison of obstetric anal sphincter injury incidence between an Asian and Western hospital.International urogynecology journal · 2019Article
- Tear resistance of soft collagenous tissues.Nature communications · 2019Article
- Could the correct side of mediolateral episiotomy be determined according to anal sphincter EMG?International urogynecology journal · 2018Observational
- Outcomes of primary anal sphincter repair after obstetric injury and evaluation of a novel three-choice assessment.Techniques in coloproctology · 2018Article
- Does a missed obstetric anal sphincter injury at time of delivery affect short-term functional outcome?Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England · 2018Article
- Incidence and risk factors of obstetric anal sphincter injuries: a retrospective study.Annals of Saudi medicineObservational
- Effect of Perineal Massage with Ostrich Oil on the Episiotomy and Lacerations in Nulliparous Women: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery researchArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThere is conflicting evidence on whether mediolateral episiotomy (MLE) reduces the risk of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASI) in spontaneous vaginal deliveries (SVD).
objectivesA systematic review was undertaken to compare rates of OASI amongst women who had undergone mediolateral episiotomy versus those who did not.
methodsᅟ SEARCH STRATEGY: Electronic searches were performed in literature databases: CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, Medline and MIDIRS from database inception to July 2015. Studies were eligible if MLE was compared to spontaneous tears and if OASI was the outcome of interest. Two reviewers independently selected and extracted data on study characteristics, quality and results. We computed events of OASI in those who did and did not have an episiotomy from individual studies and pooled these results in a meta-analysis where possible. MAIN
resultsOf the 2090 citations, 16 were included in the review. All were non-randomised, population based or retrospective cohort studies. There was great variation in quality amongst these studies. Data from 7 studies was used for meta-analysis. On collating data from these studies where the majority of women (636755/651114) were nulliparous, MLE reduced the risk of OASI (RR 0.67 95 % CI 0.49-0.92) in vaginal delivery.
conclusionThe pooled analysis of a large number of women undergoing vaginal birth, most of who were nulliparous, indicates that MLE has a beneficial effect in prevention of OASI. An accurately given MLE might have a role in reducing OASI and should not be withheld, especially in nulliparous women. Caution is advised as the data is from non-randomised studies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.