Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26894205›Full record

ArticleNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation2016

Cytokine profiles show heterogeneity of interferon-β response in multiple sclerosis patients.

Harald Hegen, Indra Adrianto, Christopher J Lessard, Alban Millonig, Antonio Bertolotto, Manuel Comabella, Gavin Giovannoni, Michael Guger, Martina Hoelzl, Michael Khalil and 13 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed
5.2field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.

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  3. Central TYK2 inhibition identifies TYK2 as a key neuroimmune modulator.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
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  9. Current and Future Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022
    Review
  10. B-Cell Compartmental Features and Molecular Basis for Therapy in Autoimmune Disease.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2021
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

23 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Harald HegenDepartment of Neurology (H.H., A.M., M.H., D.R., F.D.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology (I.A., C.J.L., R.C.A.), Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City; Centro di Riferimento Regionale Sclerosi Multipla (A.B., S.N.), Neurologia 2, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy; Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (M.C., X.M.), Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Queen Mary University London (G.G.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK; Clinical Department of Neurology (M.G.), Allgemeines Krankenhaus Linz, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.K., F.F.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Neurology (J.K.), Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedicines and Neurology (R.L.P.L., M.M.), Clinical Neuroimmunology, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Clinical Department of Neurology (F. Schautzer), Landeskrankenhaus Villach, Austria; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (F. Sellebjerg, P.S.S.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.
Indra AdriantoDepartment of Neurology (H.H., A.M., M.H., D.R., F.D.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology (I.A., C.J.L., R.C.A.), Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City; Centro di Riferimento Regionale Sclerosi Multipla (A.B., S.N.), Neurologia 2, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy; Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (M.C., X.M.), Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Queen Mary University London (G.G.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK; Clinical Department of Neurology (M.G.), Allgemeines Krankenhaus Linz, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.K., F.F.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Neurology (J.K.), Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedicines and Neurology (R.L.P.L., M.M.), Clinical Neuroimmunology, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Clinical Department of Neurology (F. Schautzer), Landeskrankenhaus Villach, Austria; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (F. Sellebjerg, P.S.S.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.
Christopher J LessardDepartment of Neurology (H.H., A.M., M.H., D.R., F.D.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology (I.A., C.J.L., R.C.A.), Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City; Centro di Riferimento Regionale Sclerosi Multipla (A.B., S.N.), Neurologia 2, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy; Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (M.C., X.M.), Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Queen Mary University London (G.G.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK; Clinical Department of Neurology (M.G.), Allgemeines Krankenhaus Linz, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.K., F.F.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Neurology (J.K.), Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedicines and Neurology (R.L.P.L., M.M.), Clinical Neuroimmunology, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Clinical Department of Neurology (F. Schautzer), Landeskrankenhaus Villach, Austria; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (F. Sellebjerg, P.S.S.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.
Alban MillonigDepartment of Neurology (H.H., A.M., M.H., D.R., F.D.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology (I.A., C.J.L., R.C.A.), Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City; Centro di Riferimento Regionale Sclerosi Multipla (A.B., S.N.), Neurologia 2, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy; Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (M.C., X.M.), Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Queen Mary University London (G.G.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK; Clinical Department of Neurology (M.G.), Allgemeines Krankenhaus Linz, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.K., F.F.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Neurology (J.K.), Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedicines and Neurology (R.L.P.L., M.M.), Clinical Neuroimmunology, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Clinical Department of Neurology (F. Schautzer), Landeskrankenhaus Villach, Austria; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (F. Sellebjerg, P.S.S.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.
Antonio BertolottoDepartment of Neurology (H.H., A.M., M.H., D.R., F.D.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology (I.A., C.J.L., R.C.A.), Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City; Centro di Riferimento Regionale Sclerosi Multipla (A.B., S.N.), Neurologia 2, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy; Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (M.C., X.M.), Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Queen Mary University London (G.G.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK; Clinical Department of Neurology (M.G.), Allgemeines Krankenhaus Linz, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.K., F.F.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Neurology (J.K.), Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedicines and Neurology (R.L.P.L., M.M.), Clinical Neuroimmunology, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Clinical Department of Neurology (F. Schautzer), Landeskrankenhaus Villach, Austria; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (F. Sellebjerg, P.S.S.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.
Manuel ComabellaDepartment of Neurology (H.H., A.M., M.H., D.R., F.D.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology (I.A., C.J.L., R.C.A.), Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City; Centro di Riferimento Regionale Sclerosi Multipla (A.B., S.N.), Neurologia 2, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy; Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (M.C., X.M.), Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Queen Mary University London (G.G.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK; Clinical Department of Neurology (M.G.), Allgemeines Krankenhaus Linz, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.K., F.F.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Neurology (J.K.), Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedicines and Neurology (R.L.P.L., M.M.), Clinical Neuroimmunology, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Clinical Department of Neurology (F. Schautzer), Landeskrankenhaus Villach, Austria; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (F. Sellebjerg, P.S.S.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.
Gavin GiovannoniDepartment of Neurology (H.H., A.M., M.H., D.R., F.D.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology (I.A., C.J.L., R.C.A.), Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City; Centro di Riferimento Regionale Sclerosi Multipla (A.B., S.N.), Neurologia 2, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy; Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (M.C., X.M.), Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Queen Mary University London (G.G.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK; Clinical Department of Neurology (M.G.), Allgemeines Krankenhaus Linz, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.K., F.F.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Neurology (J.K.), Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedicines and Neurology (R.L.P.L., M.M.), Clinical Neuroimmunology, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Clinical Department of Neurology (F. Schautzer), Landeskrankenhaus Villach, Austria; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (F. Sellebjerg, P.S.S.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.
Michael GugerDepartment of Neurology (H.H., A.M., M.H., D.R., F.D.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology (I.A., C.J.L., R.C.A.), Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City; Centro di Riferimento Regionale Sclerosi Multipla (A.B., S.N.), Neurologia 2, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy; Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (M.C., X.M.), Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Queen Mary University London (G.G.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK; Clinical Department of Neurology (M.G.), Allgemeines Krankenhaus Linz, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.K., F.F.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Neurology (J.K.), Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedicines and Neurology (R.L.P.L., M.M.), Clinical Neuroimmunology, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Clinical Department of Neurology (F. Schautzer), Landeskrankenhaus Villach, Austria; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (F. Sellebjerg, P.S.S.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.
Martina HoelzlDepartment of Neurology (H.H., A.M., M.H., D.R., F.D.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology (I.A., C.J.L., R.C.A.), Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City; Centro di Riferimento Regionale Sclerosi Multipla (A.B., S.N.), Neurologia 2, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy; Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (M.C., X.M.), Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Queen Mary University London (G.G.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK; Clinical Department of Neurology (M.G.), Allgemeines Krankenhaus Linz, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.K., F.F.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Neurology (J.K.), Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedicines and Neurology (R.L.P.L., M.M.), Clinical Neuroimmunology, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Clinical Department of Neurology (F. Schautzer), Landeskrankenhaus Villach, Austria; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (F. Sellebjerg, P.S.S.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.
Michael KhalilDepartment of Neurology (H.H., A.M., M.H., D.R., F.D.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology (I.A., C.J.L., R.C.A.), Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City; Centro di Riferimento Regionale Sclerosi Multipla (A.B., S.N.), Neurologia 2, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy; Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (M.C., X.M.), Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Queen Mary University London (G.G.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK; Clinical Department of Neurology (M.G.), Allgemeines Krankenhaus Linz, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.K., F.F.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Neurology (J.K.), Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedicines and Neurology (R.L.P.L., M.M.), Clinical Neuroimmunology, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Clinical Department of Neurology (F. Schautzer), Landeskrankenhaus Villach, Austria; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (F. Sellebjerg, P.S.S.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.
Franz FazekasDepartment of Neurology (H.H., A.M., M.H., D.R., F.D.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology (I.A., C.J.L., R.C.A.), Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City; Centro di Riferimento Regionale Sclerosi Multipla (A.B., S.N.), Neurologia 2, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy; Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (M.C., X.M.), Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Queen Mary University London (G.G.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK; Clinical Department of Neurology (M.G.), Allgemeines Krankenhaus Linz, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.K., F.F.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Neurology (J.K.), Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedicines and Neurology (R.L.P.L., M.M.), Clinical Neuroimmunology, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Clinical Department of Neurology (F. Schautzer), Landeskrankenhaus Villach, Austria; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (F. Sellebjerg, P.S.S.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.
Joep KillesteinDepartment of Neurology (H.H., A.M., M.H., D.R., F.D.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology (I.A., C.J.L., R.C.A.), Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City; Centro di Riferimento Regionale Sclerosi Multipla (A.B., S.N.), Neurologia 2, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy; Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (M.C., X.M.), Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Queen Mary University London (G.G.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK; Clinical Department of Neurology (M.G.), Allgemeines Krankenhaus Linz, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.K., F.F.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Neurology (J.K.), Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedicines and Neurology (R.L.P.L., M.M.), Clinical Neuroimmunology, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Clinical Department of Neurology (F. Schautzer), Landeskrankenhaus Villach, Austria; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (F. Sellebjerg, P.S.S.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.
Raija L P LindbergDepartment of Neurology (H.H., A.M., M.H., D.R., F.D.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology (I.A., C.J.L., R.C.A.), Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City; Centro di Riferimento Regionale Sclerosi Multipla (A.B., S.N.), Neurologia 2, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy; Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (M.C., X.M.), Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Queen Mary University London (G.G.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK; Clinical Department of Neurology (M.G.), Allgemeines Krankenhaus Linz, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.K., F.F.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Neurology (J.K.), Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedicines and Neurology (R.L.P.L., M.M.), Clinical Neuroimmunology, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Clinical Department of Neurology (F. Schautzer), Landeskrankenhaus Villach, Austria; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (F. Sellebjerg, P.S.S.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.
Simona MalucchiDepartment of Neurology (H.H., A.M., M.H., D.R., F.D.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology (I.A., C.J.L., R.C.A.), Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City; Centro di Riferimento Regionale Sclerosi Multipla (A.B., S.N.), Neurologia 2, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy; Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (M.C., X.M.), Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Queen Mary University London (G.G.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK; Clinical Department of Neurology (M.G.), Allgemeines Krankenhaus Linz, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.K., F.F.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Neurology (J.K.), Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedicines and Neurology (R.L.P.L., M.M.), Clinical Neuroimmunology, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Clinical Department of Neurology (F. Schautzer), Landeskrankenhaus Villach, Austria; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (F. Sellebjerg, P.S.S.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.
Matthias MehlingDepartment of Neurology (H.H., A.M., M.H., D.R., F.D.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology (I.A., C.J.L., R.C.A.), Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City; Centro di Riferimento Regionale Sclerosi Multipla (A.B., S.N.), Neurologia 2, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy; Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (M.C., X.M.), Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Queen Mary University London (G.G.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK; Clinical Department of Neurology (M.G.), Allgemeines Krankenhaus Linz, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.K., F.F.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Neurology (J.K.), Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedicines and Neurology (R.L.P.L., M.M.), Clinical Neuroimmunology, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Clinical Department of Neurology (F. Schautzer), Landeskrankenhaus Villach, Austria; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (F. Sellebjerg, P.S.S.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.
Xavier MontalbanDepartment of Neurology (H.H., A.M., M.H., D.R., F.D.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology (I.A., C.J.L., R.C.A.), Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City; Centro di Riferimento Regionale Sclerosi Multipla (A.B., S.N.), Neurologia 2, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy; Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (M.C., X.M.), Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Queen Mary University London (G.G.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK; Clinical Department of Neurology (M.G.), Allgemeines Krankenhaus Linz, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.K., F.F.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Neurology (J.K.), Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedicines and Neurology (R.L.P.L., M.M.), Clinical Neuroimmunology, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Clinical Department of Neurology (F. Schautzer), Landeskrankenhaus Villach, Austria; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (F. Sellebjerg, P.S.S.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.
Dagmar RudzkiDepartment of Neurology (H.H., A.M., M.H., D.R., F.D.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology (I.A., C.J.L., R.C.A.), Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City; Centro di Riferimento Regionale Sclerosi Multipla (A.B., S.N.), Neurologia 2, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy; Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (M.C., X.M.), Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Queen Mary University London (G.G.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK; Clinical Department of Neurology (M.G.), Allgemeines Krankenhaus Linz, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.K., F.F.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Neurology (J.K.), Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedicines and Neurology (R.L.P.L., M.M.), Clinical Neuroimmunology, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Clinical Department of Neurology (F. Schautzer), Landeskrankenhaus Villach, Austria; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (F. Sellebjerg, P.S.S.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.
Franz SchautzerDepartment of Neurology (H.H., A.M., M.H., D.R., F.D.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology (I.A., C.J.L., R.C.A.), Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City; Centro di Riferimento Regionale Sclerosi Multipla (A.B., S.N.), Neurologia 2, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy; Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (M.C., X.M.), Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Queen Mary University London (G.G.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK; Clinical Department of Neurology (M.G.), Allgemeines Krankenhaus Linz, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.K., F.F.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Neurology (J.K.), Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedicines and Neurology (R.L.P.L., M.M.), Clinical Neuroimmunology, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Clinical Department of Neurology (F. Schautzer), Landeskrankenhaus Villach, Austria; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (F. Sellebjerg, P.S.S.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.
Finn SellebjergDepartment of Neurology (H.H., A.M., M.H., D.R., F.D.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology (I.A., C.J.L., R.C.A.), Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City; Centro di Riferimento Regionale Sclerosi Multipla (A.B., S.N.), Neurologia 2, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy; Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (M.C., X.M.), Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Queen Mary University London (G.G.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK; Clinical Department of Neurology (M.G.), Allgemeines Krankenhaus Linz, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.K., F.F.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Neurology (J.K.), Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedicines and Neurology (R.L.P.L., M.M.), Clinical Neuroimmunology, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Clinical Department of Neurology (F. Schautzer), Landeskrankenhaus Villach, Austria; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (F. Sellebjerg, P.S.S.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.
Per Soelberg SorensenDepartment of Neurology (H.H., A.M., M.H., D.R., F.D.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology (I.A., C.J.L., R.C.A.), Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City; Centro di Riferimento Regionale Sclerosi Multipla (A.B., S.N.), Neurologia 2, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy; Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (M.C., X.M.), Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Queen Mary University London (G.G.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK; Clinical Department of Neurology (M.G.), Allgemeines Krankenhaus Linz, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.K., F.F.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Neurology (J.K.), Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedicines and Neurology (R.L.P.L., M.M.), Clinical Neuroimmunology, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Clinical Department of Neurology (F. Schautzer), Landeskrankenhaus Villach, Austria; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (F. Sellebjerg, P.S.S.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.
Florian DeisenhammerDepartment of Neurology (H.H., A.M., M.H., D.R., F.D.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology (I.A., C.J.L., R.C.A.), Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City; Centro di Riferimento Regionale Sclerosi Multipla (A.B., S.N.), Neurologia 2, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy; Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (M.C., X.M.), Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Queen Mary University London (G.G.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK; Clinical Department of Neurology (M.G.), Allgemeines Krankenhaus Linz, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.K., F.F.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Neurology (J.K.), Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedicines and Neurology (R.L.P.L., M.M.), Clinical Neuroimmunology, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Clinical Department of Neurology (F. Schautzer), Landeskrankenhaus Villach, Austria; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (F. Sellebjerg, P.S.S.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.
Lawrence SteinmanDepartment of Neurology (H.H., A.M., M.H., D.R., F.D.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology (I.A., C.J.L., R.C.A.), Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City; Centro di Riferimento Regionale Sclerosi Multipla (A.B., S.N.), Neurologia 2, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy; Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (M.C., X.M.), Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Queen Mary University London (G.G.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK; Clinical Department of Neurology (M.G.), Allgemeines Krankenhaus Linz, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.K., F.F.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Neurology (J.K.), Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedicines and Neurology (R.L.P.L., M.M.), Clinical Neuroimmunology, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Clinical Department of Neurology (F. Schautzer), Landeskrankenhaus Villach, Austria; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (F. Sellebjerg, P.S.S.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.
Robert C AxtellDepartment of Neurology (H.H., A.M., M.H., D.R., F.D.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology (I.A., C.J.L., R.C.A.), Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City; Centro di Riferimento Regionale Sclerosi Multipla (A.B., S.N.), Neurologia 2, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy; Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat) (M.C., X.M.), Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Queen Mary University London (G.G.), Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK; Clinical Department of Neurology (M.G.), Allgemeines Krankenhaus Linz, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.K., F.F.), Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Neurology (J.K.), Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedicines and Neurology (R.L.P.L., M.M.), Clinical Neuroimmunology, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Clinical Department of Neurology (F. Schautzer), Landeskrankenhaus Villach, Austria; Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center (F. Sellebjerg, P.S.S.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (L.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.
Ospedale San Luigi Gonzaga · IT

Funding

Quantitative Analysis Core P30GM110766 · NIGMS · OKLAHOMA MEDICAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION · PI GAFFNEY, PATRICK M · 2014 to 2018
$6.1M
NIGMS NIH HHS P30 GM110766
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo evaluate serum cytokine profiles for their utility to determine the heterogeneous responses to interferon (IFN)-β treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

methodsPatients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) or clinically isolated syndrome receiving de novo IFN-β treatment were included in this prospective, observational study. Number of relapses and changes in disability were assessed 2 years prior to and 2 years after initiation of treatment. Sera were collected at baseline and after 3 months on therapy. Cytokine levels in sera were assessed by Luminex multiplex assays. Baseline cytokine profiles were grouped by hierarchical clustering analysis. Demographic features, changes in cytokines, and clinical outcome were then assessed in the clustered patient groups.

resultsA total of 157 patients were included in the study and clustered into 6 distinct subsets by baseline cytokine profiles. These subsets differed significantly in their clinical and biological response to IFN-β therapy. Two subsets were associated with patients who responded poorly to therapy. Two other subsets, associated with a good response to therapy, showed a significant reduction in relapse rates and no worsening of disability. Each subset also had differential changes in cytokine levels after 3 months of IFN-β treatment.

conclusionsThere is heterogeneity in the immunologic pathways of the RRMS population, which correlates with IFN-β response.

Identifiers

PMID26894205
PMCPMC4747480
OpenAlexW2275856918

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