Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26893169›Full record

ArticleNature communications2016

Influenza A virus targets a cGAS-independent STING pathway that controls enveloped RNA viruses.

Christian K Holm, Stine H Rahbek, Hans Henrik Gad, Rasmus O Bak, Martin R Jakobsen, Zhaozaho Jiang, Anne Louise Hansen, Simon K Jensen, Chenglong Sun, Martin K Thomsen and 13 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 151 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
151citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
10.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

151 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 222 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Autoinflammatory syndromes of STING and TREX1 dysfunction.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. cGAS-STING: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.Science China. Life sciences · 2025
    Review
  20. Review

91 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

23 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.

Christian K HolmDepartment of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
Stine H RahbekDepartment of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
Hans Henrik GadAarhus Research Center for Innate Immunity, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
Rasmus O BakDepartment of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
Martin R JakobsenDepartment of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
Zhaozaho JiangDivision of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts M01003, USA.
Anne Louise HansenDepartment of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
Simon K JensenDepartment of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
Chenglong SunDepartment of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
Martin K ThomsenDepartment of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
Anders LaustsenDepartment of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
Camilla G NielsenDepartment of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
Kasper SeverinsenPsychiatric Department, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
Yingluo XiongDepartment of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
Dara L BurdetteDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
Veit HornungInstitute of Molecular Medicine, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
Robert Jan LebbinkDepartment of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center, Utrecht 3508GA, The Netherlands.
Mogens DuchDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
Katherine A FitzgeraldDivision of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts M01003, USA.
Shervin BahramiDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
Jakob Giehm MikkelsenDepartment of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
Rune HartmannAarhus Research Center for Innate Immunity, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
Søren R PaludanDepartment of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
Aarhus University · DKUniversity of Massachusetts Amherst · USAarhus University Hospital · DKUniversity Hospital Bonn · DEUniversity Medical Center Utrecht · NLUniversity of California, Berkeley · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is known be involved in control of DNA viruses but has an unexplored role in control of RNA viruses. During infection with DNA viruses STING is activated downstream of cGAMP synthase (cGAS) to induce type I interferon. Here we identify a STING-dependent, cGAS-independent pathway important for full interferon production and antiviral control of enveloped RNA viruses, including influenza A virus (IAV). Further, IAV interacts with STING through its conserved hemagglutinin fusion peptide (FP). Interestingly, FP antagonizes interferon production induced by membrane fusion or IAV but not by cGAMP or DNA. Similar to the enveloped RNA viruses, membrane fusion stimulates interferon production in a STING-dependent but cGAS-independent manner. Abolishment of this pathway led to reduced interferon production and impaired control of enveloped RNA viruses. Thus, enveloped RNA viruses stimulate a cGAS-independent STING pathway, which is targeted by IAV.

Indexed as

AnimalsCyclic Guanosine Monophosphate-Adenosine Monophosphate SynthaseHumansInfluenza A virusInfluenza, HumanInterferon Type IMembrane ProteinsMiceNucleotidyltransferasesRNA VirusesRNA Virus InfectionsSTING ProteincGAS protein, humancGAS protein, mouseCyclic Guanosine Monophosphate-Adenosine Monophosphate SynthaseInterferon Type IMembrane ProteinsNucleotidyltransferasesSTING1 protein, humanSting1 protein, mouseSTING Protein

Identifiers

PMID26893169
PMCPMC4762884
OpenAlexW2300023009

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.