ArticleScientific reports2016
Microfluidic Screening of Electric Fields for Electroporation.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Microbial Responses to Electric Field in Model Systems and Wastewater Applications: A Comprehensive Review.ACS omega · 2026Review
- A critical review of microfluidic electroporation for therapeutic cell engineering.Cell reports. Physical science · 2026Article
- Peptide-Assisted Membrane Permeabilization: Effects of Waveform Polarity, Inter-Monopulse Interval, and Surface Charge in Red Blood Cells and Planar Lipid Bilayers.The Journal of membrane biology · 2026Article
- Microfluidic Electroporation: Recent Advances and Applications.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Microsystem technologies for accelerating the discovery and translation of immunotherapies.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- The need for smart microalgal bioprospecting.Natural products and bioprospecting · 2025Review
- Microphysiological system with integrated sensors to study the effect of pulsed electric field.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Operando investigation of the synergistic effect of electric field treatment and copper for bacteria inactivation.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Genetic Engineering of Resident Bacteria in the Gut Microbiome.Journal of bacteriology · 2023Review
- Advances in Integration, Wearable Applications, and Artificial Intelligence of Biomedical Microfluidics Systems.Micromachines · 2023Review
- Leveraging microfluidic dielectrophoresis to distinguish compositional variations of lipopolysaccharide inFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Article
- Acoustic sorting of microfluidic droplets at kHz rates using optical absorbance.Lab on a chip · 2022Article
- Laser Machined Fiber-based Microprobe: Application in Microscale Electroporation.Advanced fiber materials · 2022Article
- Recent Advances in Microscale Electroporation.Chemical reviews · 2022Review
- Scalable and automated CRISPR-based strain engineering using droplet microfluidics.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2022Article
- Resistance and Adaptation of Bacteria to Non-Antibiotic Antibacterial Agents: Physical Stressors, Nanoparticles, and Bacteriophages.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Electromagnetically Stimuli-Responsive Nanoparticles-Based Systems for Biomedical Applications: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Toward a genetic system in the marine cyanobacteriumAccess microbiology · 2020Article
- Reversibility of membrane permeabilization upon pulsed electric field treatment in Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- The link between yeast cell wall porosity and plasma membrane permeability after PEF treatment.Scientific reports · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Electroporation is commonly used to deliver molecules such as drugs, proteins, and/or DNA into cells, but the mechanism remains poorly understood. In this work a rapid microfluidic assay was developed to determine the critical electric field threshold required for inducing bacterial electroporation. The microfluidic device was designed to have a bilaterally converging channel to amplify the electric field to magnitudes sufficient to induce electroporation. The bacterial cells are introduced into the channel in the presence of SYTOX(®), which fluorescently labels cells with compromised membranes. Upon delivery of an electric pulse, the cells fluoresce due to transmembrane influx of SYTOX(®) after disruption of the cell membranes. We calculate the critical electric field by capturing the location within the channel of the increase in fluorescence intensity after electroporation. Bacterial strains with industrial and therapeutic relevance such as Escherichia coli BL21 (3.65 ± 0.09 kV/cm), Corynebacterium glutamicum (5.20 ± 0.20 kV/cm), and Mycobacterium smegmatis (5.56 ± 0.08 kV/cm) have been successfully characterized. Determining the critical electric field for electroporation facilitates the development of electroporation protocols that minimize Joule heating and maximize cell viability. This assay will ultimately enable the genetic transformation of bacteria and archaea considered intractable and difficult-to-transfect, while facilitating fundamental genetic studies on numerous diverse microbes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.