ReviewCirculation research2016
Macrophage Phenotype and Function in Different Stages of Atherosclerosis.
Review in Circulation research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 621 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
621 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,080 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence Synthesis and Mechanism Analysis of Quercetin Treatment for Atherosclerosis: A Preclinical Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- The effect of disrupted sleep on macrophage polarization: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies.BMC immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Scientometric analysis of lipid metabolism in macrophage polarization: 2013-2023.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Advances in the study of exosomes in cardiovascular diseases.Journal of advanced research · 2024Pooled it
- ACT001 suppresses ox-LDL-mediated macrophage ferroptosis via activating the NRF2 pathway: AnExperimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
- Rare-Earth Nanomaterials for Advanced Theranostics of Atherosclerosis.Chemical & biomedical imaging · 2026Review
- Ilexoside K Ameliorates Atherosclerosis by Suppressing CD72Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Association of Monocyte Subsets with Carotid Artery Stenosis Severity.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Dendritic Cells in the Immunoregulation of Myocardial Infarction: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2026Review
- GPR132 antagonists alleviate atherosclerosis by suppressing M1 polarization and subsequent VSMCs proliferation and migration as revealed by transcriptomic profiling.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Article
- Nuclear RSK1 mediates interferon-γ-induced proinflammatory activation in human primary macrophages and humanized mice.Science advances · 2026Article
- Hydrogel Implementing Drug Delivery in Cranial Bone Tissue Engineering.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Review
- Mouse Models of Atherosclerosis: What They Teach Us, What They Miss, and When to Use Them.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Association Between Chronic Kidney Disease and Subclinical Hypothyroidism Categorized by Hypertension Status.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Regulation of PCSK9 During Oxidized LDL-Induced Foam Cell Formation in RAW264.7 Cells.Biology · 2026Article
- AntagomiR-155 hitchhiking on biomimetic yeast microcapsules alleviate atherosclerosis by inhibiting M1-like macrophages.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic, Specific Marker, and Pathway Analysis of Smooth Muscle Cell Foam Cells Relative to Macrophage Foam Cells in Human Atherosclerosis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Reprogramming macrophage metabolism for cardiovascular therapy: From molecular pathways to precision nanomedicine.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- FLRT2 promotes foam cell formation and atherosclerosis by inhibiting USP22-mediated ABCA1 deubiquitination.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Synergistic SGLT2 and GLP-1R targeting alleviates systemic inflammation-induced and M1 monocyte-driven endothelial dysfunction in coronary artery disease.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
561 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The remarkable plasticity and plethora of biological functions performed by macrophages have enticed scientists to study these cells in relation to atherosclerosis for >50 years, and major discoveries continue to be made today. It is now understood that macrophages play important roles in all stages of atherosclerosis, from initiation of lesions and lesion expansion, to necrosis leading to rupture and the clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis, to resolution and regression of atherosclerotic lesions. Lesional macrophages are derived primarily from blood monocytes, although recent research has shown that lesional macrophage-like cells can also be derived from smooth muscle cells. Lesional macrophages take on different phenotypes depending on their environment and which intracellular signaling pathways are activated. Rather than a few distinct populations of macrophages, the phenotype of the lesional macrophage is more complex and likely changes during the different phases of atherosclerosis and with the extent of lipid and cholesterol loading, activation by a plethora of receptors, and metabolic state of the cells. These different phenotypes allow the macrophage to engulf lipids, dead cells, and other substances perceived as danger signals; efflux cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein; proliferate and migrate; undergo apoptosis and death; and secrete a large number of inflammatory and proresolving molecules. This review article, part of the Compendium on Atherosclerosis, discusses recent advances in our understanding of lesional macrophage phenotype and function in different stages of atherosclerosis. With the increasing understanding of the roles of lesional macrophages, new research areas and treatment strategies are beginning to emerge.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.