ArticleJournal of anatomy2016
Stereological assessment of sexual dimorphism in the rat liver reveals differences in hepatocytes and Kupffer cells but not hepatic stellate cells.
Article in Journal of anatomy, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Morphofunctional State of the Liver Under Conditions of Three-Month Dark Deprivation: The Influence of Circadian Disruptions and Melatonin.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Host biological sex directs immune control of theFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Liver fibrosis with persistently normal alanine transaminase levels exhibits a distinct treatment response in MASLD.BMJ open gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Recipient-Donor Sex Constellation in Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma-An ELTR Study.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2025Article
- Unraveling the hepatic stellate cells mediated mechanisms in aging's influence on liver fibrosis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Sex Drives Functional Changes in the Progression and Regression of Liver Fibrosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Sex-biased gene expression across mammalian organ development and evolution.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- A Pathogenic Role of Non-Parenchymal Liver Cells in Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease of Infectious and Non-Infectious Origin.Biology · 2023Review
- Interplay Between GH-regulated, Sex-biased Liver Transcriptome and Hepatic Zonation Revealed by Single-Nucleus RNA Sequencing.Endocrinology · 2022Article
- Liver vitronectin release into the bloodstream increases due to reduced vagal muscarinic signaling after cerebral stroke in female mice.Physiological reports · 2022Article
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease as a Canonical Example of Metabolic Inflammatory-Based Liver Disease Showing a Sex-Specific Prevalence: Relevance of Estrogen Signaling.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Review
- New Perspectives in Liver Transplantation: From Regeneration to Bioengineering.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Periodontitis causes abnormalities in the liver of rats.Journal of periodontology · 2019Article
- Hallmarks of Aging in the Liver.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2019Review
- Study of liver in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma: Stereology shows quantitative differences in liver structure.European journal of histochemistry : EJH · 2018Article
- Stereological analysis of size and density of hepatocytes in the porcine liver.Journal of anatomy · 2017Article
- Estrogen Accelerates Cell Proliferation through Estrogen Receptor α during Rat Liver Regeneration after Partial Hepatectomy.Acta histochemica et cytochemica · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There is long-standing evidence that male and female rat livers differ in enzyme activity. More recently, differences in gene expression profiling have also been found to exist; however, it is still unclear whether there is morphological expression of male/female differences in the normal liver. Such differences could help to explain features seen at the pathological level, such as the greater regenerative potential generally attributed to the female liver. In this paper, hepatocytes (HEP), Kupffer cells (KC) and hepatic stellate cells (HSC) of male and female rats were examined to investigate hypothesised differences in number, volume and spatial co-localisation of these cell types. Immunohistochemistry and design-based stereology were used to estimate total numbers, numbers per gram and mean cell volumes. The position of HSC within lobules (periportal vs. centrilobular) and their spatial proximity to KC was also assessed. In addition, flow cytometry was used to investigate the liver ploidy. In the case of HEP and KC, differences in the measured cell parameters were observed between male and female specimens; however, no such differences were detected for HSC. Female samples contained a higher number of HEP per gram, with more binucleate cells. The HEP nuclei were smaller in females, which was coincident with more abundant diploid particles in these animals. The female liver also had a greater number of KC per gram, with a lower percentage of KC in the vicinity of HSC compared with males. In this study, we document hitherto unknown morphological sexual dimorphism in the rat liver, namely in HEP and KC. These differences may account for the higher regenerative potential of the female liver and lend weight to the argument for considering the rat liver as a sexually dimorphic organ.
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