ReviewToxins2016
Lolitrem B and Indole Diterpene Alkaloids Produced by Endophytic Fungi of the Genus Epichloë and Their Toxic Effects in Livestock.
Review in Toxins, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Symbiosis BetweenJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Bioprospecting of endophytic fungi from medicinal plant Anisomeles indica L. for their diverse role in agricultural and industrial sectors.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Navigating the fungal battlefield: cysteine-rich antifungal proteins and peptides from Eurotiales.Frontiers in fungal biology · 2024Review
- Discovery ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Identification of ThreeJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Synthesis of rearranged indole diterpenes of the paxilline type.Natural product reports · 2022Review
- Review
- Use of Integrative Interactomics for Improvement of Farm Animal Health and Welfare: An Example with Fescue Toxicosis.Toxins · 2020Review
- Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus identity modulates growth effects of endophyte-infected grasses on neighboring plants.Mycorrhiza · 2020Article
- Lolium perenne apoplast metabolomics for identification of novel metabolites produced by the symbiotic fungus Epichloë festucae.The New phytologist · 2020Article
- Molecular mechanisms in grass-Epichloë interactions: towards endophyte driven farming to improve plant fitness and immunity.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2020Review
- Review
- Fungal Endophyte Colonization Patterns Alter Over Time in the Novel Association BetweenFrontiers in plant science · 2020Article
- Analysis of the Indole Diterpene Gene Cluster for Biosynthesis of the Epoxy-Janthitrems inMicroorganisms · 2019Article
- Article
- Genetic modification of asexual Epichloë endophytes with the perA gene for peramine biosynthesis.Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2019Article
- Tremorgenic and neurotoxic paspaline-derived indole-diterpenes: biosynthetic diversity, threats and applications.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2019Review
- Evaluation of endophyte toxin production and its interaction with transgenic perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) with altered expression of fructosyltransferases.Transgenic research · 2018Article
- An Overview of Biotransformation and Toxicity of Diterpenes.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Different group of alkaloids are produced during the symbiotic development of fungal endophytes of the genus Epichloë in grass. The structure and toxicity of the compounds vary considerably in mammalian herbivores and in crop pests. Alkaloids of the indole-diterpene group, of which lolitrem B is the most toxic, were first characterized in endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass, and are responsible for "ryegrass staggers." Ergot alkaloids, of which ergovaline is the most abundant ergopeptide alkaloid produced, are also found in ryegrass, but generally at a lower rate than lolitrem B. Other alkaloids such as lolines and peramine are toxic for crop pests but have weak toxicological properties in mammals. The purpose of this review is to present indole-diterpene alkaloids produced in endophyte infected ryegrass from the first characterization of ryegrass staggers to the determination of the toxicokinetics of lolitrem B and of their mechanism of action in mammals, focusing on the different factors that could explain the worldwide distribution of the disease. Other indole diterpene alkaloids than lolitrem B that can be found in Epichloë infected ryegrass, and their tremorgenic properties, are presented in the last section of this review.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.