ArticleAnnals of neurology2016
Epidemiology of aquaporin-4 autoimmunity and neuromyelitis optica spectrum.
Article in Annals of neurology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 126 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
126 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 333 citations in OpenAlex.
- Consensus Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders (NMOSD): The MENACTRIMS Guidelines.CNS drugs · 2026Guideline
- Sex ratio and age of onset in AQP4 antibody-associated NMOSD: a review and meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Plasma exchange for acute optic neuritis in neuromyelitis optica or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a systematic review.Annals of medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Non-demyelinating disorders mimicking and misdiagnosed as NMOSD: a literature review.European journal of neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders in Africa: A Systematic Review.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- AQP4-IgG and MOG-IgG Related Optic Neuritis-Prevalence, Optical Coherence Tomography Findings, and Visual Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Pooled it
- Prevalence of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein and Aquaporin-4-IgG in Patients in the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial.JAMA ophthalmology · 2018Trial
- Bilateral immune-mediated optic neuritis following HPV vaccination in an adolescent: diagnostic challenges and a rare clinical presentation.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Health-related quality of life and its associated factors among patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in China: a questionnaire survey analysis.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2026Article
- Analysis of MOG-IgG and AQP4-IgG Serology, Demographics, and Seasonality From Large Neuroimmunology Laboratory Registry and Clinical Cohorts.Neurology open access · 2026Article
- HLA Associations Differ by Ethnicity and Aquaporin-4 Antibody Status in Patients With Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Neutrophil-microglia interaction drives motor dysfunction in a neuromyelitis optica model induced by subarachnoid AQP4-IgG.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Clinical and Demographic Predictors of Optic Neuritis Subtype.Neuro-ophthalmology (Aeolus Press) · 2026Article
- Prescription Drug Use in NMOSD: A Population-Based Study in Greece with Estimation of National Disease Administrative Prevalence.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- A structured approach for identifying disease analogs for pulmonary arterial hypertension.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2025Article
- Fluid Biomarkers in Demyelinating Spectrum Disorders: Past, Present, and Prospects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- HLA Association With AQP4-IgG-Positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder in the Korean Population.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- MOG antibody-associated disease epidemiology in Olmsted County, USA, and Martinique.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Article
66 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveNeuromyelitis optica (NMO) and its spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs) with a specific biomarker, aquaporin-4-immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG). Prior NMO/NMOSD epidemiological studies have been limited by lack of AQP4-IgG seroprevalence assessment, absence of population-based USA studies, and under-representation of blacks. To overcome these limitations, we sought to compare NMO/NMOSD seroepidemiology across 2 ethnically divergent populations.
methodsWe performed a population-based comparative study of the incidence (2003-2011) and prevalence (on December 31, 2011) of NMO/NMOSD and AQP4-IgG seroincidence and seroprevalence (sera collected in 80-84% of IDD cases) among patients with IDD diagnosis in Olmsted County, Minnesota (82% white [Caucasian]) and Martinique (90% black [Afro-Caribbean]). AQP4-IgG was measured by M1 isoform fluorescence-activated cell-sorting assays.
resultsThe age- and sex-adjusted incidence (7.3 vs 0.7/1,000,000 person-years [p < 0.01]) and prevalence (10 vs 3.9/100,000 [p = 0.01]) in Martinique exceeded that in Olmsted County. The AQP4-IgG age- and sex-adjusted seroincidence (6.5 vs 0.7/1,000,000 person-years [p < 0.01]) and seroprevalence (7.9 vs 3.3/100,000 [p = 0.04]) were also higher in Martinique than Olmsted County. The ethnicity-specific prevalence was similar in Martinique and Olmsted County: 11.5 and 13/100,000 in blacks, and 6.1 and 4.0/100,000 in whites, respectively. NMO/NMOSD represented a higher proportion of IDD cases in Martinique than Olmsted County (16% vs 1.4%; p < 0.01). The onset age (median = 35-37 years) and female:male distribution (5-9:1) were similar across both populations; 60% of prevalent cases were either blind in 1 eye, dependent on a gait aid, or both.
interpretationThis study reports the highest prevalence of NMO/NMOSD in any population (10/100,000 in Martinique), estimates it affects 16,000 to 17,000 in the USA (higher than previous predictions), and demonstrates it disproportionately affects blacks. Ann Neurol 2016;79:775-783.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.