ArticleJournal of health communication2016
Sex Differences in Hookah-Related Images Posted on Tumblr: A Content Analysis.
Article in Journal of health communication, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Hookah Use Among US Youth: A Systematic Review of the Literature From 2009 to 2017.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Pooled it
- Characterizing In Vivo Exposure to Alcohol Content in the Media: Media Platform, Engagement, and Associations With Attitudes.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2026Article
- The attitudes toward hookah smoking in the MENA region scale (ATHS-MENA): factor analysis and validation.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Twitter Sentiment About the US Federal Tobacco 21 Law: Mixed Methods Analysis.JMIR formative research · 2023Article
- Motivators of impulsivity to smoke waterpipe tobacco among Nigerian youth who smoke waterpipe tobacco: the moderating role of social media normalisation of waterpipe tobacco.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Prospective estimation of the age of initiation of hookah use among youth: Findings from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study waves 1-4 (2013-2017).Addictive behaviors · 2021Article
- How Can E-Cigarette Fear Appeals Improve the Perceived Threat, Fear, Anger, and Protection Motivation of Young People.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- An Instagram-Based Study to Understand Betel Nut Use Culture in Micronesia: Exploratory Content Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2020Article
- Public Health Implications of Image-Based Social Media: A Systematic Review of Instagram, Pinterest, Tumblr, and Flickr.The Permanente journal · 2020Review
- Water Pipe (Hookah) Smoking and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2019Review
- Adolescent Beliefs About Hookah and Hookah Tobacco Use and Implications for Preventing Use.Preventing chronic disease · 2019Article
- Hookah-Related Posts to Twitter From 2017 to 2018: Thematic Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2018Article
- Identifying Sentiment of Hookah-Related Posts on Twitter.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2017Article
- Waterpipe Promotion and Use on Instagram: #Hookah.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2017Article
- Exposure and Engagement With Tobacco- and E-Cigarette-Related Social Media.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2017Article
- Identifying "social smoking" U.S. young adults using an empirically-driven approach.Addictive behaviors · 2017Article
- Social Media Use and Access to Digital Technology in US Young Adults in 2016.Journal of medical Internet research · 2017Article
- Mobilizing social media users to become advertisers: Corporate hashtag campaigns as a public health concern.Digital healthArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Hookah tobacco smoking is prevalent, widespread, and associated with large amounts of toxicants. Hookah tobacco smoking may be viewed differently by males and females. For example, females have been drawn to types of tobacco that are flavored, milder, and marketed as more social and exotic. Individuals often use the growing segment of anonymous social networking sites, such as Tumblr, to learn about potentially dangerous or harmful behaviors. We used a systematic process involving stratification by time of day, day of week, and search term to gather a sample of 140 Tumblr posts related to hookah tobacco smoking. After a structured codebook development process, 2 coders independently assessed all posts in their entirety, and all disagreements were easily adjudicated. When data on poster sex and age were available, we found that 77% of posts were posted by females and 35% were posted by individuals younger than 18. The most prominent features displayed in all posts were references to or images of hookahs themselves, sexuality, socializing, alcohol, hookah smoke, and tricks performed with hookah smoke. Compared with females, males more frequently posted images of hookahs and alcohol-related images or references. This information may help guide future research in this area and the development of targeted interventions to curb this behavior.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.