ReviewThe Journal of physiology2016
Mechanisms of microglial activation in models of inflammation and hypoxia: Implications for chronic intermittent hypoxia.
Review in The Journal of physiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitric oxide: role in the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea.Medical gas research · 2027Review
- Intermittent Hypoxia Exacerbates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neurobehavioral Abnormalities: The Role of Neuroinflammation and Synaptic-Related Proteins.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Sleep, Neural Circulatory Control, and Cardiovascular Disease: A Mechanistic Review.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2026Review
- Review
- Neuropsychiatric disorders in pulmonary fibrosis: from brain network alterations to inflammatory mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Neuroprotective effects of piracetam in vascular dementia: a review of toll-like receptor 4 -mediated neuroinflammatory pathways.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Mechanisms underlying end-organ injury in sleep apnoea.The European respiratory journal · 2026Review
- Article
- Quantitative and morphological analyses reveal microglia-specific neuroinflammation in brain regions linked to cognitive function in ovariectomized and chronic intermittent hypoxia-exposed female rats.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Neonatal inflammation induces lasting sex- and region-dependent microglia activation and sex-dependent impairments in chemoreflexes.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2026Article
- Ratanasampil alleviates cognitive impairment in mice induced by chronic hypoxia by modulating inflammatory responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Obstructive sleep apnea is linked to inflammatory changes and motor impairment in Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome and Ischemic Stroke: Investigating Inflammatory Mechanisms.Nature and science of sleep · 2026Review
- Aberrant brain functional network in COPD patients with cognitive impairment: clinical manifestations, mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Review
- ZEB1 and Neural Stem Cells: Insights into Microglia-Conditioned Medium-Driven Neuroinflammation.Cells · 2025Article
- Brain nitric oxide and inflammation in chronic intermittent hypoxia: Contributors to cognitive impairment and hypertension.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Review
- Neural Responses to Hypoxic Injury in a Vascularized Cerebral Organoid Model.Neuroscience bulletin · 2025Article
- Inhibition of the HMGB1-RAGE Axis Attenuates Microglial Inflammation and Ameliorates Hypoxia-Induced Cognitive Impairment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- RNA sequencing reveals circular RNA expression patterns in chronic intermittent hypoxia.Sleep and biological rhythms · 2025Article
- Resveratrol Alleviates Inflammatory Response Through P2X7/NLRP3 Signaling Pathway: In Silico and In Vitro Evidence from Activated Microglia.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is a hallmark of sleep apnoea, a condition associated with diverse clinical disorders. CIH and sleep apnoea are characterized by increased reactive oxygen species formation, peripheral and CNS inflammation, neuronal death and neurocognitive deficits. Few studies have examined the role of microglia, the resident CNS immune cells, in models of CIH. Thus, little is known concerning their direct contributions to neuropathology or the cellular mechanisms regulating their activities during or following pathological CIH. In this review, we identify gaps in knowledge regarding CIH-induced microglial activation, and propose mechanisms based on data from related models of hypoxia and/or hypoxia-reoxygenation. CIH may directly affect microglia, or may have indirect effects via the periphery or other CNS cells. Peripheral inflammation may indirectly activate microglia via entry of pro-inflammatory molecules into the CNS, and/or activation of vagal afferents that trigger CNS inflammation. CIH-induced release of damage-associated molecular patterns from injured CNS cells may also activate microglia via interactions with pattern recognition receptors expressed on microglia. For example, Toll-like receptors activate mitogen-activated protein kinase/transcription factor pathways required for microglial inflammatory gene expression. Although epigenetic effects from CIH have not yet been studied in microglia, potential epigenetic mechanisms in microglial regulation are discussed, including microRNAs, histone modifications and DNA methylation. Epigenetic effects can occur during CIH, or long after it has ended. A better understanding of CIH effects on microglial activities may be important to reverse CIH-induced neuropathology in patients with sleep disordered breathing.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.