ArticleEnvironmental science and pollution research international2016
Effects of 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) on neuronal and muscular development in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos.
Article in Environmental science and pollution research international, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Organic Sunscreens-Biological Activity from an Enzymatic Perspective.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Ultraviolet Filters: Dissecting Current Facts and Myths.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Interference Mechanisms of Endocrine System and Other Systems of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Cosmetics-In Vitro Studies.International journal of endocrinology · 2024Review
- Acute toxicity assessment of nine organic UV filters using a set of biotests.Toxicological research · 2023Article
- Pamiparib Induces Neurodevelopmental Defects and Cerebral Haemorrhage in Zebrafish Embryos via Inhibiting Notch Signalling.Molecular neurobiology · 2022Article
- UV Filters: Challenges and Prospects.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Cysteamine affects skeletal development and impairs motor behavior in zebrafish.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- UV-filter pollution: current concerns and future prospects.Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2021Review
- Sub-lethal Camphor Exposure Triggers Oxidative Stress, Cardiotoxicity, and Cardiac Physiology Alterations in Zebrafish Embryos.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2021Article
- Kinetics and mechanism of 4-methylbenzylidene camphor degradation by UV-activated persulfate oxidation.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
- Endocrine disruptors also function as nervous disruptors and can be renamed endocrine and nervous disruptors (ENDs).Toxicology reports · 2021Review
- Concentration dependence of in vitro biotransformation rates of hydrophobic organic sunscreen agents in rainbow trout S9 fractions: Implications for bioaccumulation assessment.Environmental toxicology and chemistry · 2019Article
- Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification of 2-Ethylhexyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate in Aquatic Animals.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Neurotoxic effect of active ingredients in sunscreen products, a contemporary review.Toxicology reports · 2017Review
- Zebrafish: A Model for the Study of Toxicants Affecting Muscle Development and Function.International journal of molecular sciences · 2016Review
- Screening the Toxicity of Selected Personal Care Products Using Embryo Bioassays: 4-MBC, Propylparaben and Triclocarban.International journal of molecular sciences · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The negative effects of overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation in humans, including sunburn and light-induced cellular injury, are of increasing public concern. 4-Methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC), an organic chemical UV filter, is an active ingredient in sunscreen products. To date, little information is available about its neurotoxicity during early vertebrate development. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to various concentrations of 4-MBC in embryo medium for 3 days. In this study, a high concentration of 4-MBC, which is not being expected at the current environmental concentrations in the environment, was used for the purpose of phenotypic screening. Embryos exposed to 15 μM of 4-MBC displayed abnormal axial curvature and exhibited impaired motility. Exposure effects were found to be greatest during the segmentation period, when somite formation and innervation occur. Immunostaining of the muscle and axon markers F59, znp1, and zn5 revealed that 4-MBC exposure leads to a disorganized pattern of slow muscle fibers and axon pathfinding errors during the innervation of both primary and secondary motor neurons. Our results also showed reduction in AChE activity upon 4-MBC exposure both in vivo in the embryos (15 μM) and in vitro in mammalian Neuro-2A cells (0.1 μM), providing a possible mechanism for 4-MBC-induced muscular and neuronal defects. Taken together, our results have shown that 4-MBC is a teratogen and influences muscular and neuronal development, which may result in developmental defects.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.