ArticleBlood2016
Galectin-1 drives lymphoma CD20 immunotherapy resistance: validation of a preclinical system to identify resistance mechanisms.
Article in Blood, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Circulating galectin-1 delineates response to bevacizumab in melanoma patients and reprograms endothelial cell biology.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Trial
- Single-Cell Level Characterization of B Cell Depletion and Repopulation Following Rituximab in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Selective Nanobody-Derived Minibodies Targeting Galectin-1 and -7 Reveal Non-Redundant Glyco-Immune Functions and Therapeutic Potential in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of first-line treatment resistance in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Multifaceted roles of Galectins: from carbohydrate binding to targeted cancer therapy.Biomarker research · 2025Review
- Unveiling hypoxic regulatory networks by bioinformatics: mechanisms of hypoxia-related hub genes driving rituximab resistance and poor prognosis in DLBCL.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Advancements in cancer immunotherapies targeting CD20: from pioneering monoclonal antibodies to chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Decoding Strategies to Evade Immunoregulators Galectin-1, -3, and -9 and Their Ligands as Novel Therapeutics in Cancer Immunotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Galectin Family Members: Emerging Novel Targets for Lymphoma Therapy?Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Review
- Immunosuppressive Roles of Galectin-1 in the Tumor Microenvironment.Biomolecules · 2021Review
- An Integrated Meta-Analysis of Secretome and Proteome Identify Potential Biomarkers of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.Cancers · 2020Article
- Review
- Mechanisms of Resistance to Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs) in Lymphoid Malignancies.Current hematologic malignancy reports · 2019Review
- Mechanisms of Lymphoma Clearance Induced by High-Dose Alkylating Agents.Cancer discovery · 2019Article
- Increased plasma levels of galectin-1 in pancreatic cancer: potential use as biomarker.Oncotarget · 2018Article
- Treatment of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia with the Galectin-1 inhibitor PTX008.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2018Article
- Role of Galectins in Tumors and in Clinical Immunotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- Role of Galectins in Multiple Myeloma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Review
- The role of tumor microenvironment in therapeutic resistance.Oncotarget · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is the most commonly diagnosed hematologic cancer of adults in the United States, with the vast majority of NHLs deriving from malignant B lymphocytes that express cell surface CD20. CD20 immunotherapy (rituximab) is widely used to treat NHL, even though the initial effectiveness of rituximab varies widely among patients and typically wanes over time. The mechanisms through which lymphomas initially resist or gain resistance to immunotherapy are not well established. To address this, a preclinical mouse model system was developed to comprehensively identify lymphoma transcriptomic changes that confer resistance to CD20 immunotherapy. The generation of spontaneous primary and familial lymphomas revealed that sensitivity to CD20 immunotherapy was not regulated by differences in CD20 expression, prior exposure to CD20 immunotherapy, or serial in vivo passage. An unbiased forward exome screen of these primary lymphomas was used to validate the utility of this expansive lymphoma cohort, which revealed that increased lymphoma galectin-1 (Gal-1) expression strongly correlated with resistance to immunotherapy. Genetically induced lymphoma Gal-1 expression ablated antibody-dependent lymphoma phagocytosis in vitro and lymphoma sensitivity to CD20 immunotherapy in vivo. Human NHLs also express elevated Gal-1 compared with nonmalignant lymphocytes, demonstrating the ability of this preclinical model system to identify molecular targets that could be relevant to human therapy. This study therefore established a powerful preclinical model system that permits the comprehensive identification of the dynamic lymphoma molecular network that drives resistance to immunotherapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.