ArticleNature2016
Expanding antigen-specific regulatory networks to treat autoimmunity.
Article in Nature, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 281 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
281 citing papers in PubMed, 497 citations in OpenAlex.
- Randomized phase I trial of antigen-specific tolerizing immunotherapy with peptide/calcitriol liposomes in ACPA+ rheumatoid arthritis.JCI insight · 2022Trial
- A Sensitive Whole Blood Assay Detects Antigen-Stimulated Cytokine Release From CD4+ T Cells and Facilitates Immunomonitoring in a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of Nexvax2 in Coeliac Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- Advancing Type 1 Diabetes Treatment: 3 PM-Oriented Innovations in Islet Transplantation and Biomaterial Engineering.Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews · 2026Review
- The State-of-the Art of Personalized Vaccines for Non-Communicable Diseases: A Narrative Review.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Hybrid Insulin Peptides as Antigens and Tolerogens for Pathogenic T Cells in Autoimmune Diabetes.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Identification of a shared antigen linking CD4Science advances · 2026Article
- Limited nesting stress in mice as a model to study neuroimmune relationships in postpartum depression.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- Immunomodulatory Nanomaterials: Design Strategies, Mechanisms, Biomedical Applications, and Future Perspectives.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Targeting the pMHC-TCR Interaction: Molecular Strategies and Therapeutic Potential in Autoimmunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Immune-induced TCR-like antibodies regulate specific T cell response in mice.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Antigen-specific immunotherapy with a CD4Nature communications · 2026Article
- The geometry of pMHC-coated nanoparticles and T-cell receptor clusters governs the sensitivity-specificity trade-off in T-cell response: a modeling investigation.Immunology and cell biology · 2026Article
- Proinsulin-Loaded Nanoparticles Suppress Insulitis and Induce Temporary Diabetes Remission.Cells · 2026Article
- Antigen-Specific Inverse Vaccination Strategies Using Particle Systems for Multiple Sclerosis.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2026Review
- Myasthenia gravis: from recognition of heterogeneity to a paradigm shift toward precision therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Regulatory T cells in intracerebral hemorrhage: mechanisms of immunomodulation and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Submicron-sized ultrasound contrast agents as therapeutic peptide delivery vehicles in type 1 diabetes.Theranostics · 2026Article
- From gluten to therapeutics: molecular mechanisms of celiac disease and emerging alternatives to the gluten-free diet.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Adapting CAR-T and CAR-Treg cancer therapies for autoimmunity: innovations and challenges.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Induction of antigen-specific regulatory T cells by engineered extracellular vesicles.Drug delivery · 2025Article
221 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Regulatory T cells hold promise as targets for therapeutic intervention in autoimmunity, but approaches capable of expanding antigen-specific regulatory T cells in vivo are currently not available. Here we show that systemic delivery of nanoparticles coated with autoimmune-disease-relevant peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex class II (pMHCII) molecules triggers the generation and expansion of antigen-specific regulatory CD4(+) T cell type 1 (TR1)-like cells in different mouse models, including mice humanized with lymphocytes from patients, leading to resolution of established autoimmune phenomena. Ten pMHCII-based nanomedicines show similar biological effects, regardless of genetic background, prevalence of the cognate T-cell population or MHC restriction. These nanomedicines promote the differentiation of disease-primed autoreactive T cells into TR1-like cells, which in turn suppress autoantigen-loaded antigen-presenting cells and drive the differentiation of cognate B cells into disease-suppressing regulatory B cells, without compromising systemic immunity. pMHCII-based nanomedicines thus represent a new class of drugs, potentially useful for treating a broad spectrum of autoimmune conditions in a disease-specific manner.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.