ArticleImmunity & ageing : I & A2016
Higher plasma levels of complement C3a, C4a and C5a increase the risk of subretinal fibrosis in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: Complement activation in AMD.
Article in Immunity & ageing : I & A, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of ARMS2/LOC387715 A69S, CFH Y402H, and CFH I62V polymorphisms with retinal angiomatous proliferation compared with typical age-related macular degeneration: a meta-analysis.International ophthalmology · 2017Pooled it
- Safety and tolerability of avacincaptad pegol in combination with ranibizumab in treatment-naïve patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration: results from a phase 1 and phase 2a study.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2026Trial
- Avacincaptad pegol for geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration: 18-month findings from the GATHER1 trial.Eye (London, England) · 2023Trial
- From Retina to Vasculature: Oxidative Stress as a Common Mechanistic Link Between Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Cardiovascular Disease.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A Novel Ocular Fibrosis Signature for AMD Using the Two-Stage Laser-Induced Subretinal Fibrosis Mouse Model.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- MSC-EVs attenuate subretinal fibrosis in choroidal neovascularization through miR-21-5p-mediated inhibition of EMT and MMT and suppression of inflammation.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Targeting the neurovascular unit in retinal fibrosis: mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Nanobody-based gene therapy targeting complement component C3 reduces choroidal neovascularization in mice.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2025Article
- Glycan recognition by collectin-11 drives SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and membrane injury of respiratory epithelial cells.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Nintedanib Induces Mesenchymal-to-Epithelial Transition and Reduces Subretinal Fibrosis Through Metabolic Reprogramming.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- C5a-Induced Autophagy Dysfunction Promotes Choroidal Neovascularization Through the ROS-Inflammatory Pathway.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Molecular Diplomacy of Lipids in the War of Immunity: Bridging Rare and Common Disease Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Clinical Outcomes of Treatment of Geographic Atrophy: A Narrative Review.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2025Review
- Intraocular complement activation is independent of systemic complement activation and is related to macular vascular remodelling in retinal vein occlusion.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Adult Onset Foveomacular Vitelliform Dystrophy Shows Genetic Overlap With Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Recent Advances in Our Understanding of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Redox Signaling, and the Complement System.Aging and disease · 2024Review
- Exploring the role of granzyme B in subretinal fibrosis of age-related macular degeneration.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Mingjing granule inhibits the subretinal fibrovascular membrane of two-stage laser-induced neovascular age-related macular degeneration in rats.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- The Relationship between Complements and Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Its Pathogenesis.Journal of ophthalmology · 2024Review
- C5a/C5aR1 axis as a key driver promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in airway epithelial cells in silica nanoparticles-induced pulmonary fibrosis.International immunopharmacology · 2023Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the plasma levels of complement C3a, C4a, and C5a in different types of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and whether the levels were related to patients' responsiveness to anti-VEGF therapy.
resultsNinety-six nAMD patients (including 61 with choroidal neovascularisation (CNV), 17 with retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP), 14 with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and 4 unclassified patients) and 43 controls were recruited to this case-control study. Subretinal fibrosis was observed in 45 nAMD patients and was absent in 51 nAMD patients. In addition, the responsiveness to anti-VEGF (Lucentis) therapy was also evaluated in nAMD patients. Forty-four patients were complete responders, 48 were partially responders, and only 4 patients did not respond to the therapy. The plasma levels of C3a, C4a and C5a were significantly higher in nAMD patients compared to controls. Further analysis of nAMD subgroups showed that the levels of C3a, C4a and C5a were significantly increased in patients with CNV but not RAP and PCV. Significantly increased levels of C3a, C4a and C5a were also observed in nAMD patients with subretinal fibrosis but not in those without subretinal fibrosis. Higher levels of C3a were observed in nAMD patients who responded partially to anti-VEGF therapy.
conclusionsOur results suggest increased systemic complement activation in nAMD patients with CNV but not RAP and PCV. Our results also suggest that higher levels of systemic complement activation may increase the risk of subretinal fibrosis in nAMD patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.