ArticleScientific reports2016
Cryptococcus neoformans Thermotolerance to Avian Body Temperature Is Sufficient For Extracellular Growth But Not Intracellular Survival In Macrophages.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Towards understanding a potentialOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Decoding Cryptococcus: From African biodiversity to worldwide prevalence.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Elements of dissemination in cryptococcosis.mBio · 2024Review
- The COMPASS Complex Regulates Fungal Development and Virulence through Histone Crosstalk in the Fungal PathogenJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Search forJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The first survey of cryptococcal cells in bird droppings across Bloemfontein, South Africa.Veterinary world · 2021Article
- Population genomic analysis of Cryptococcus Brazilian isolates reveals an African type subclade distribution.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Article
- Cryptococcal Virulence in Humans: Learning From Translational Studies With Clinical Isolates.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Ultrastructural Study ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Pulmonary Macrophage and Dendritic Cell Responses toFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- Landscape of gene expression variation of natural isolates ofMicrobial genomics · 2020Article
- Pulmonary cryptococcosis characteristics in immunocompetent patients-A 20-year clinical retrospective analysis in China.Mycoses · 2019Article
- How Environmental Fungi Cause a Range of Clinical Outcomes in Susceptible Hosts.Journal of molecular biology · 2019Review
- Targeting intrinsic cell death pathways to control fungal pathogens.Biochemical pharmacology · 2019Review
- The Outcome of theJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2018Article
- Article
- Nutritional Requirements and Their Importance for Virulence of Pathogenic Cryptococcus Species.Microorganisms · 2017Review
- Vomocytosis of live pathogens from macrophages is regulated by the atypical MAP kinase ERK5.Science advances · 2017Article
- Current and Potential Treatments for ReducingFrontiers in microbiology · 2017Review
- Huaier Extractum Promotes Dendritic Cells Maturation and Favors them to Induce Th1 Immune Response: One of the Mechanisms Underlying Its Anti-Tumor Activity.Integrative cancer therapiesArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is a fatal fungal pathogen of humans that efficiently parasitises macrophages. Birds can be colonised by cryptococci and can transmit cryptococcosis to humans via inhalation of inoculated bird excreta. However, colonisation of birds appears to occur in the absence of symptomatic infection. Here, using a pure population of primary bird macrophages, we demonstrate a mechanism for this relationship. We find that bird macrophages are able to suppress the growth of cryptococci seen in mammalian cells despite C. neoformans being able to grow at bird body temperature, and are able to escape from bird macrophages by vomocytosis. A small subset of cryptococci are able to adapt to the inhibitory intracellular environment of bird macrophages, exhibiting a large cell phenotype that rescues growth suppression. Thus, restriction of intracellular growth combined with survival at bird body temperature explains the ability of birds to efficiently spread C. neoformans in the environment whilst avoiding systemic disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.