ArticleAIDS care2016
Multiple syndemic psychosocial factors are associated with reduced engagement in HIV care among a multinational, online sample of HIV-infected MSM in Latin America.
Article in AIDS care, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Syndemics and clinical impact of HIV and mental health conditions among people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Gender-based violence syndemics in global health: A systematic review.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Pooled it
- The global prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of medical research · 2023Pooled it
- Strategies for retention of heterosexual men in HIV care in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- The Effect of the Shikamana Peer-and-Provider Intervention on Depressive Symptoms, Alcohol Use, and Other Drug Use Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men in Kenya.AIDS and behavior · 2023Trial
- Longitudinal Risk Factors for Incident Lung Cancer Among a Mixed HIV Serostatus Cohort of Sexual Minority Men in the United States.AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education · 2026Article
- Characterizing, protocolizing, and scaling up local adjunctive interventions and implementation strategies to enhance the reach of HIV-prevention and mental health/substance use treatments: a study protocol.Implementation science communications · 2026Article
- Perspective: Infant Feeding Policies among Women Living with HIV in Latin America and the Caribbean: Should They Be Updated?Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Article
- Transgender Women in India: A Syndemic and Intersectional Framework Addressing HIV Care Gaps.American journal of public health · 2025Article
- Multilevel Syndemic Profiles Impacting Optimal ART Adherence among Trans Women Living with HIV in Mumbai and New Delhi, India: A Latent Class Analysis.International journal of transgender health · 2025Article
- The Longitudinal Impact of Psychosocial Syndemic Variables on Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Among People With HIV in Brazil, Thailand, and Zambia: An Analysis by HIV Transmission Groups in HPTN 063.AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education · 2025Article
- Coping strategies associated with art adherence among older adults living with HIV, South Carolina.Psychology, health & medicine · 2025Article
- A systematic comparison of additive and interaction approaches to modeling the effects of syndemic problems on HIV outcomes in South Africa.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2024Article
- Longitudinal Analysis of Overlapping Psychosocial Factors Predicting Incident Hospitalization Among Mixed HIV Serostatus Men who have Sex with Men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Article
- Examining the secondary impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on syndemic production and PrEP use among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBM) in Vancouver, Canada.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Intersecting Relationships of Psychosocial and Structural Syndemic Problems Among People with HIV in South Africa: Using Network Analysis to Identify Influential Problems.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- A Scoping Review of Biobehavioural Interventions to Improve PrEP Continuum of Care in Latin America.Acta colombiana de psicologia : revista de la Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad Catolica de Colombia · 2023Article
- Longitudinal Associations of Syndemic Conditions with Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence and HIV Viral Suppression Among HIV-Infected Patients in Primary Care.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2021Article
- Age and Sex Disparities in Sexual Trauma, Depressive Symptoms, and Antiretroviral Adherence Among People Living with HIV in the Deep South: A Mediation Analysis.Archives of sexual behavior · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Latin America has some of the highest levels of antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage of any developing region in the world. Early initiation and optimal adherence to ART are necessary for improved health outcomes and reduction in onward transmission. Previous work has demonstrated the role of psychosocial problems as barriers to uptake and adherence to ART, and recently, a syndemic framework has been applied to the role of multiple psychosocial syndemic factors and adherence to ART, in the USA. However, to our knowledge, these associations have not been investigated outside of the USA, nor in a multi-country context. To address these gaps, we assessed the association between multiple co-occurring psychosocial factors and engagement in HIV-related medical care and adherence to ART among a large, multinational sample of sexually-active HIV-infected men who have sex with men in Latin America. Among the 2020 respondents, 80.7% reported currently receiving HIV-related medical care, 72.3% reported currently receiving ART; among those, 62.5% reported 100% adherence. Compared with experiencing no psychosocial health problems, experiencing five or more psychosocial health problems is associated with 42% lower odds of currently receiving HIV-related medical care (adjusted odds ratio, aOR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.36, 0.95) and of currently receiving ART (aOR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.38, 0.91). The number of psychosocial health problems experienced was associated with self-reported ART adherence in a dose-response relationship; compared to those with none of the factors, individuals with one syndemic factor had 23% lower odds (aOR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.60, 0.97) and individuals with five or more syndemic factors had 72% lower odds (aOR = 0.28, 95% CI 0.14, 0.55) of reporting being 100% adherent to ART. Addressing co-occurring psychosocial problems as potential barriers to uptake and adherence of ART in Latin America may improve the effectiveness of secondary prevention interventions.
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