ArticleeLife2016
More effective drugs lead to harder selective sweeps in the evolution of drug resistance in HIV-1.
Article in eLife, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 53 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Allelic gene conversion softens selective sweeps.Genetics · 2026Article
- What has population genomics told us about the dynamics of selection and plant adaptation?Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Review
- Haplotype and diversity signatures of ultra-soft selective sweeps in HIV-1.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Recurrent mutations drive rapid HIV escape from two broadly neutralizing antibodies in vivo.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Soft Selective Sweeps Predominate in the Yellow Fever Mosquito Aedes aegypti.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Experimental evolution in an era of molecular manipulation.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2026Review
- Selection Estimation from Genetic Time-Series Data: Effects of Limited Sampling and Genetic Drift.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
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- Distinct modes of evolution drive HIV escape from two broadly neutralizing antibodies.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Near extinction of the HBV quasispecies driven by the hard selective sweep in chronic hepatitis B.mBio · 2025Article
- Signatures of soft selective sweeps predominate in the yellow fever mosquitobioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Longitudinal sequencing reveals polygenic and epistatic nature of genomic response to selection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Building pyramids against the evolutionary emergence of pathogens.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2024Article
- Steering and controlling evolution - from bioengineering to fighting pathogens.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2023Review
- Tensor Decomposition-based Feature Extraction and Classification to Detect Natural Selection from Genomic Data.Molecular biology and evolution · 2023Article
- Inhibition of HIV-1 replication using the CRISPR/cas9-no NLS system as a prophylactic strategy.Heliyon · 2022Article
- Design of an optimal combination therapy with broadly neutralizing antibodies to suppress HIV-1.eLife · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In the early days of HIV treatment, drug resistance occurred rapidly and predictably in all patients, but under modern treatments, resistance arises slowly, if at all. The probability of resistance should be controlled by the rate of generation of resistance mutations. If many adaptive mutations arise simultaneously, then adaptation proceeds by soft selective sweeps in which multiple adaptive mutations spread concomitantly, but if adaptive mutations occur rarely in the population, then a single adaptive mutation should spread alone in a hard selective sweep. Here, we use 6717 HIV-1 consensus sequences from patients treated with first-line therapies between 1989 and 2013 to confirm that the transition from fast to slow evolution of drug resistance was indeed accompanied with the expected transition from soft to hard selective sweeps. This suggests more generally that evolution proceeds via hard sweeps if resistance is unlikely and via soft sweeps if it is likely.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.