Trial reportAnnals of internal medicine2016
Framing Financial Incentives to Increase Physical Activity Among Overweight and Obese Adults: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.
Trial report in Annals of internal medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 8 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 131 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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The Use of Mobile Health Technology and Behavioral Economics to Encourage Adherence to Statins in Adolescents With Familial Hypercholesterolemia
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Who cites it
131 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Influence of Behavioral Sciences on Adherence to Physical Activity and Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Patients: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Pooled it
- The impact of financial incentives on physical activity for employees in the context of workplace health promotion: a systematic review.Journal of occupational health · 2024Pooled it
- Behavioural economic interventions to reduce health care appointment non-attendance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC health services research · 2023Pooled it
- Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Behavioral Economic Incentive Programs for Goal Achievement on Healthy Diet, Weight Control and Physical Activity: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Use and effectiveness of behavioural economics in interventions for lifestyle risk factors of non-communicable diseases: a systematic review with policy implications.Perspectives in public health · 2018Pooled it
- A Scoping Review of Behavioral Economic Interventions for Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Current diabetes reports · 2017Pooled it
- Effectiveness of behavioural economics-based financial incentives and social feedback on glycaemic control and physical activity in adults with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: A randomised control trial.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Trial
- Combining anchoring with financial incentives to increase physical activity: a randomized controlled trial among college students.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2024Trial
- Effect of gamification with a support partner to increase physical activity in older adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease: The STEP 4Life randomized clinical trial.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Remote Patient-Reported Outcomes and Activity Monitoring to Improve Patient-Clinician Communication Regarding Symptoms and Functional Status: A Randomized Controlled Trial.JCO oncology practice · 2023Trial
- Feasibility and outcomes from using a commitment device and text message reminders to increase adherence to time-restricted eating: A randomized trial.American heart journal · 2023Trial
- Results from "Developing Real Incentives and Volition for Exercise" (DRIVE): A pilot randomized controlled trial for promoting physical activity in African American women.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2022Trial
- Perspectives on the Form, Magnitude, Certainty, Target, and Frequency of Financial Incentives in a Weight Loss Program.American journal of health promotion : AJHP · 2022Trial
- A combined behavioural economics- and simulation-based medical education to promote effectiveness among medical residents in coping with workplace violence in Northern China: a quasi-experimental study.BMC public health · 2022Trial
- Effectiveness of a Worksite-Based Lifestyle Intervention on Employees' Obesity Control and Prevention in China: A Group Randomized Experimental Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Exploring Wearables to Focus on the "Sweet Spot" of Physical Activity and Sleep After Hospitalization: Secondary Analysis.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2022Trial
- Association between behavioral phenotypes and sustained use of smartphones and wearable devices to remotely monitor physical activity.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Effect of Behavioral Economic Incentives for Colorectal Cancer Screening in a Randomized Trial.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2021Trial
- Financial incentives and wearable activity monitors to increase ambulation after cystectomy: A randomized controlled trial.Urologic oncology · 2021Trial
71 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFinancial incentive designs to increase physical activity have not been well-examined.
objectiveTo test the effectiveness of 3 methods to frame financial incentives to increase physical activity among overweight and obese adults.
designRandomized, controlled trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT 02030119).
settingUniversity of Pennsylvania.
participants281 adult employees (body mass index ≥27 kg/m2).
intervention13-week intervention. Participants had a goal of 7000 steps per day and were randomly assigned to a control group with daily feedback or 1 of 3 financial incentive programs with daily feedback: a gain incentive ($1.40 given each day the goal was achieved), lottery incentive (daily eligibility [expected value approximately $1.40] if goal was achieved), or loss incentive ($42 allocated monthly upfront and $1.40 removed each day the goal was not achieved). Participants were followed for another 13 weeks with daily performance feedback but no incentives. MEASUREMENTS: Primary outcome was the mean proportion of participant-days that the 7000-step goal was achieved during the intervention. Secondary outcomes included the mean proportion of participant-days achieving the goal during follow-up and the mean daily steps during intervention and follow-up.
resultsThe mean proportion of participant-days achieving the goal was 0.30 (95% CI, 0.22 to 0.37) in the control group, 0.35 (CI, 0.28 to 0.42) in the gain-incentive group, 0.36 (CI, 0.29 to 0.43) in the lottery-incentive group, and 0.45 (CI, 0.38 to 0.52) in the loss-incentive group. In adjusted analyses, only the loss-incentive group had a significantly greater mean proportion of participant-days achieving the goal than control (adjusted difference, 0.16 [CI, 0.06 to 0.26]; P = 0.001), but the adjusted difference in mean daily steps was not significant (861 [CI, 24 to 1746]; P = 0.056). During follow-up, daily steps decreased for all incentive groups and were not different from control. LIMITATION: Single employer.
conclusionFinancial incentives framed as a loss were most effective for achieving physical activity goals. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: National Institute on Aging.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.