ReviewJournal of amino acids2015
Endotoxin-Induced Tryptophan Degradation along the Kynurenine Pathway: The Role of Indolamine 2,3-Dioxygenase and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Mediated Immunosuppressive Effects in Endotoxin Tolerance and Cancer and Its Implications for Immunoparalysis.
Review in Journal of amino acids, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed.
- Vitamin D and Phenylbutyrate Supplementation Does Not Modulate Gut Derived Immune Activation in HIV-1.Nutrients · 2019Trial
- Feeding of Undocked Pigs: Effects of Feed Components and Feed Composition.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- Amino acid metabolic regulatory network in tumor immune escape: mechanistic exploration and intervention directions.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Peripheral monocytes from Crohn's disease patients retain functional responsiveness to GM-CSF during active disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The Complex World of Kynurenic Acid: Reflections on Biological Issues and Therapeutic Strategy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Kynurenic Acid/AhR Signaling at the Junction of Inflammation and Cardiovascular Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The Emerging Role of 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid onbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Heavy metals, oxidative stress, and the role of AhR signaling.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2024Review
- Bicontinuous Cubic Liquid Crystals as Potential Matrices for Non-Invasive Topical Sampling of Low-Molecular-Weight Biomarkers.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Redox Signaling Modulates Activity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Patients.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Functions of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) beyond the canonical AHR/ARNT signaling pathway.Biochemical pharmacology · 2023Review
- Redox regulation of the immune response.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2022Review
- Patients with hypothermic sepsis have a unique gene expression profile compared to patients with fever and sepsis.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2022Article
- Nicotinamide pathways as the root cause of sepsis - an evolutionary perspective on macrophage energetic shifts.The FEBS journal · 2022Review
- Hydrogels and Cubic Liquid Crystals for Non-Invasive Sampling of Low-Molecular-Weight Biomarkers-An Explorative In Vivo Study.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Reverse Iontophoretic Extraction of Skin Cancer-Related Biomarkers.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Immunogenic-cell-killing and immunosuppression-inhibiting nanomedicine.Bioactive materials · 2021Article
- Aryl hydrocarbon receptor: Its roles in physiology.Biochemical pharmacology · 2021Review
- A New Insight into the Potential Role of Tryptophan-Derived AhR Ligands in Skin Physiological and Pathological Processes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Nutritional Therapy to Modulate Tryptophan Metabolism and Aryl Hydrocarbon-Receptor Signaling Activation in Human Diseases.Nutrients · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The degradation of tryptophan (TRP) along the kynurenine pathway plays a crucial role as a neuro- and immunomodulatory mechanism in response to inflammatory stimuli, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS). In endotoxemia or sepsis, an enhanced activation of the rate-limiting enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is associated with a higher mortality risk. It is assumed that IDO induced immunosuppressive effects provoke the development of a protracted compensatory hypoinflammatory phase up to a complete paralysis of the immune system, which is characterized by an endotoxin tolerance. However, the role of IDO activation in the development of life-threatening immunoparalysis is still poorly understood. Recent reports described the impact of inflammatory IDO activation and aryl hydrocarbon receptor- (AhR-) mediated pathways on the development of LPS tolerance and immune escape of cancer cells. These immunosuppressive mechanisms offer new insights for a better understanding of the development of cellular dysfunctions in immunoparalysis. This review provides a comprehensive update of significant biological functions of TRP metabolites along the kynurenine pathway and the complex regulation of LPS-induced IDO activation. In addition, the review focuses on the role of IDO-AhR-mediated immunosuppressive pathways in endotoxin tolerance and carcinogenesis revealing the significance of enhanced IDO activity for the establishment of life-threatening immunoparalysis in sepsis.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.