ArticleRheumatology (Oxford, England)2016
Increased levels of peptidylarginine deiminase 2 in synovial fluid from anti-CCP-positive rheumatoid arthritis patients: Association with disease activity and inflammatory markers.
Article in Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Discovery of Post-Translationally Modified Epitopes in Autoimmunity: Someone Has to Fish so Everyone Can Eat.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- NLRP3 inflammasome promotes PAD2/PAD4 release and protein citrullination in rheumatoid arthritis.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Beyond PAD Inhibition: Emerging Avenues and Natural Products for Targeting Citrullination in Immune Diseases.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Hydrogen sulphide modifies the therapeutic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in an adjuvant-induced polyarthritis rat model through the mitigation of angiogenesis, ectopic lymphoid tissue formation, and osteoclastogenesis.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Article
- Macrophage extracellular traps require peptidylarginine deiminase 2 and 4 and are a source of citrullinated antigens bound by rheumatoid arthritis autoantibodies.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Review
- Anti-citrullinated α-enolase peptide as a highly sensitive autoantigen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Molecular Factors in PAD2 (Cells · 2023Article
- Article
- Citrullination in the pathology of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders: recent advances and future perspectives.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2022Review
- Peptidylarginine Deiminase 2 Autoantibodies Are Linked to Less Severe Disease in Multiple Sclerosis and Post-treatment Lyme Disease.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in sera of seronegative and seropositive rheumatoid arthritis patients.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2022Article
- Genetic basis of defects in immune tolerance underlying the development of autoimmunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Article
- Applicability of Small-Molecule Inhibitors in the Study of Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase 2 (PAD2) and PAD4.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Peptidylarginine Deiminase 2 in Host Immunity: Current Insights and Perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Peptidylarginine deiminase 2 has potential as both a biomarker and therapeutic target of sepsis.JCI insight · 2020Article
- Neutrophil extracellular traps mediate articular cartilage damage and enhance cartilage component immunogenicity in rheumatoid arthritis.JCI insight · 2020Article
- PAD enzymes in rheumatoid arthritis: pathogenic effectors and autoimmune targets.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo quantify peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PAD2) in SF of RA patients and OA patients, and to determine the association between PAD2 levels, disease activity and inflammatory markers in RA.
methodsBlood and SF samples were obtained from 39 RA patients and 40 patients with OA. PAD2 content and PAD activity were measured by means of in-house assays. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-12 were measured using flow cytometry.
resultsPAD2 levels and PAD activity were higher in SF from RA than OA patients (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.03, respectively), as were all cytokine levels (P < 0.0001-0.05). SF PAD2 levels were higher among anti-CCP-positive patients than among anti-CCP-negative patients (P = 0.005). PAD2 levels in SF from RA patients correlated with disease activity, as assessed by DAS28 (P < 0.005). Moreover, SF PAD2 levels correlated with circulating CRP and anti-CCP levels (P < 0.0006), as well as with leucocyte count, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 levels in SF (P < 0.0001-0.02). PAD activity in SF was higher in RA patients than in OA patients, and correlated with PAD2 concentration.
conclusionExtracellular PAD2 levels in SF correlate with disease activity in RA patients. Anti-CCP-positive RA patients have higher PAD2 levels in SF than anti-CCP-negative RA patients and OA patients. Since we could demonstrate enzymatically active PADs in SF, we propose that free, extracellular PAD is of pathogenic relevance.
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