Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26880543›Full record

ArticleeLife2016

A synergy-based hand control is encoded in human motor cortical areas.

Andrea Leo, Giacomo Handjaras, Matteo Bianchi, Hamal Marino, Marco Gabiccini, Andrea Guidi, Enzo Pasquale Scilingo, Pietro Pietrini, Antonio Bicchi, Marco Santello and 1 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in eLife, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07077460 (Innovative Hand Rehabilitation System With Synchronized Contralateral Haptic Feedback), which is not on this map. Cited by 65 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
65citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
9.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07077460 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Innovative Hand Rehabilitation System With Synchronized Contralateral Haptic Feedback

TypeinterventionalSponsorNational Cheng-Kung University HospitalRan2024 to 2025Enrolled100ConditionsHealthy ElderlyArmsTIPr, Mirror Visual Feedback Device, Mirror Visual Feedback Device(Blocked mirror), Graded-Pressure Haptic Device (Passive press-feedback cushion)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

65 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 140 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  10. Object-directed action representations are componentially built in parietal cortex.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
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  11. Action-type mapping principles extend beyond evolutionarily conserved actions, even in people born without hands.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
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5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Andrea LeoLaboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Giacomo HandjarasLaboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Matteo BianchiResearch Center 'E. Piaggio', University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Hamal MarinoResearch Center 'E. Piaggio', University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Marco GabicciniResearch Center 'E. Piaggio', University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Andrea GuidiResearch Center 'E. Piaggio', University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Enzo Pasquale ScilingoResearch Center 'E. Piaggio', University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Pietro PietriniLaboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Antonio BicchiResearch Center 'E. Piaggio', University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Marco SantelloSchool of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States.
Emiliano RicciardiLaboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
University of Pisa · ITPiaggio (Italy) · ITArizona State University · USIMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca · ITItalian Institute of Technology · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

How the human brain controls hand movements to carry out different tasks is still debated. The concept of synergy has been proposed to indicate functional modules that may simplify the control of hand postures by simultaneously recruiting sets of muscles and joints. However, whether and to what extent synergic hand postures are encoded as such at a cortical level remains unknown. Here, we combined kinematic, electromyography, and brain activity measures obtained by functional magnetic resonance imaging while subjects performed a variety of movements towards virtual objects. Hand postural information, encoded through kinematic synergies, were represented in cortical areas devoted to hand motor control and successfully discriminated individual grasping movements, significantly outperforming alternative somatotopic or muscle-based models. Importantly, hand postural synergies were predicted by neural activation patterns within primary motor cortex. These findings support a novel cortical organization for hand movement control and open potential applications for brain-computer interfaces and neuroprostheses.

Indexed as

LocomotionPostureBiomechanical PhenomenaElectromyographyHandHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingModels, NeurologicalMotor CortexdecodingencodingfMRIhand controlhumanmotor cortexneurosciencesynergies

Identifiers

PMID26880543
PMCPMC4786436
OpenAlexW2296237976

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.