Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26880141›Full record

Trial reportBMC public health2016

Reducing routine vaccination dropout rates: evaluating two interventions in three Kenyan districts, 2014.

Adam Haji, S Lowther, Z Ngan'ga, Z Gura, C Tabu, H Sandhu, Wences Arvelo

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMC public health, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers, 18 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
82citing papers in PubMed, 18 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

82 citing papers in PubMed, 18 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  16. Patient reminder and recall interventions to improve immunization rates.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018
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22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Adam HajiCollege of Health Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya. hajiadam661@gmail.com.
S LowtherGlobal Immunization Division, US Centers of Disease Control, and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya.
Z Ngan'gaCollege of Health Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya.
Z GuraField Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Kenya Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya.
C TabuDivision of Vaccines and Immunization, Kenya Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya.
H SandhuDivision for Global Health Protection, US Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya.
Wences ArveloField Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Kenya Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGlobally, vaccine preventable diseases are responsible for nearly 20% of deaths annually among children <5 years old. Worldwide, many children dropout from the vaccination program, are vaccinated late, or incompletely vaccinated. We evaluated the impact of text messaging and sticker reminders to reduce dropouts from the vaccination program.

methodsThe evaluation was conducted in three selected districts in Kenya: Machakos, Langata and Njoro. Three health facilities were selected in each district, and randomly allocated to send text messages or provide stickers reminding parents to bring their children for second and third dose of pentavalent vaccine, or to the control group (routine reminder) with next appointment date indicated on the well-child booklet. Children aged <12 months presenting for their first dose of pentavalent vaccine were enrolled. A dropout was defined as not returning for vaccination ≥ 2 weeks after scheduled date for third dose of pentavalent vaccine. We calculated dropout rate as a percentage of the difference between first and third pentavalent dose.

resultsWe enrolled 1,116 children; 372 in each intervention and 372 controls between February and October 2014. Median age was 45 days old (range: 31-99 days), and 574 (51%) were male. There were 136 (12%) dropouts. Thirteen (4%) children dropped out among those who received text messages, 60 (16%) among who received sticker reminders, and 63 (17%) among the controls. Having a caregiver with below secondary education [Odds Ratio (OR) 1.8, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.1-3.2], and residing >5 km from health facility (OR 1.6, CI 1.0-2.7) were associated with higher odds of dropping out. Those who received text messages were less likely to drop out compared to controls (OR 0.2, CI 0.04-0.8). There was no statistical difference between those who received stickers and controls (OR 0.9, CI 0.5-1.6).

conclusionText message reminders can reduce vaccination dropout rates in Kenya. We recommend the extended implementation of text message reminders in routine vaccination services.

Indexed as

Immunization ProgramsParentsPatient DropoutsReminder SystemsText MessagingVaccinationAdultChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantKenyaMaleVaccinesVaccines

Identifiers

PMID26880141
PMCPMC4754928

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.