ReviewMovement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society2016
The pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus-A functional hypothesis from the comparative literature.
Review in Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of morphine self-administration on brain structure and microglial phenotypic diversity in the absence of neuronal loss in male Wistar rats.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Stress and Parkinson's disease: from dysfunctional detection to impaired handling: a narrative review.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- The central cholinergic system as a therapeutic target in Parkinson's disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2026Review
- Prenatal betamethasone-postnatal N-methyl-D-aspartic acid model of spasms: Update on mechanisms and treatments.Epilepsia open · 2025Article
- Visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease: spotlight on central cholinergic dysfunction.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2025Review
- A Computational Model for the Simulation of Prepulse Inhibition and Its Modulation by Cortical and Subcortical Units.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Pedunculopontine Chx10Nature neuroscience · 2023Article
- Cholinergic Boutons are Distributed Along the Dendrites and Somata of VIP Neurons in the Inferior Colliculus.Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO · 2023Article
- Free-water imaging of the cholinergic basal forebrain and pedunculopontine nucleus in Parkinson's disease.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2023Article
- Excessive daytime sleepiness in a model of Parkinson's disease improved by low-frequency stimulation of the pedunculopontine nucleus.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2023Article
- Dystonia-like behaviors and impaired sensory-motor integration following neurotoxic lesion of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus in mice.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- The PPN and motor control: Preclinical studies to deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2023Review
- The organization of cholinergic projections in the visual thalamus of the mouse.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2022Article
- Prenatal nicotine alters development of the laterodorsal tegmentum: Possible role for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and drug dependence.World journal of psychiatry · 2022Review
- Dystonia and the pedunculopontine nucleus: Current evidences and potential mechanisms.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
- Cholinergic systems, attentional-motor integration, and cognitive control in Parkinson's disease.Progress in brain research · 2022Review
- Stereological estimations and neurochemical characterization of neurons expressing GABAA and GABAB receptors in the rat pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei.Brain structure & function · 2022Article
- α4β2Annals of neurology · 2021Article
- Article
- Endogenous Cholinergic Signaling Modulates Sound-Evoked Responses of the Medial Nucleus of the Trapezoid Body.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2021Article
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Abstract
We present data from animal studies showing that the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus-conserved through evolution, compartmentalized, and with a complex pattern of inputs and outputs-has functions that involve formation and updates of action-outcome associations, attention, and rapid decision making. This is in contrast to previous hypotheses about pedunculopontine function, which has served as a basis for clinical interest in the pedunculopontine in movement disorders. Current animal literature points to it being neither a specifically motor structure nor a master switch for sleep regulation. The pedunculopontine is connected to basal ganglia circuitry but also has primary sensory input across modalities and descending connections to pontomedullary, cerebellar, and spinal motor and autonomic control systems. Functional and anatomical studies in animals suggest strongly that, in addition to the pedunculopontine being an input and output station for the basal ganglia and key regulator of thalamic (and consequently cortical) activity, an additional major function is participation in the generation of actions on the basis of a first-pass analysis of incoming sensory data. Such a function-rapid decision making-has very high adaptive value for any vertebrate. We argue that in developing clinical strategies for treating basal ganglia disorders, it is necessary to take an account of the normal functions of the pedunculopontine. We believe that it is possible to use our hypothesis to explain why pedunculopontine deep brain stimulation used clinically has had variable outcomes in the treatment of parkinsonism motor symptoms and effects on cognitive processing. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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