ArticleTherapeutic advances in cardiovascular disease2016
The association of severity of retinal vascular changes and cardiac remodelling in systemic hypertension.
Article in Therapeutic advances in cardiovascular disease, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between hypertensive retinopathy and left ventricular hypertrophy.Bioinformation · 2026Article
- Unraveling causal pathways in retinal vein occlusion: a systematic review of Mendelian randomization studies.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2025Review
- Vascular Smooth Muscle Remodeling in Conductive and Resistance Arteries in Hypertension.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe aim of the study was to explore the association between hypertensive retinopathy, grades of retinopathy and cardiac remodelling.
methodsThis was a cross-sectional observational study. A total of 500 consecutive hypertensive adults from the in-patient population were studied for the presence of hypertensive retinopathy by dilated fundoscopy. The presence of cardiac remodelling due to hypertension was studied both by electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiography. Hypertensive target organ damage in other organs was also screened. In addition, the association of grades of hypertensive retinopathy with target organ damage was also analyzed.
resultsSystolic blood pressure (BP) at presentation and duration of hypertension showed no relationship with markers of hypertensive heart disease. However, diastolic BP was significantly higher in patients with retinopathy. Hypertensive retinopathy was diagnosed in 324 subjects of whom 90 had grades 3 and 4 retinopathy. Patients with grades 3 and 4 retinopathy had significant associations with ECG evidence of left ventricular (LV) strain pattern and left atrial enlargement, and a weaker association with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) using QRS voltage criteria (Sokolov-Lyon). On echocardiography, grades 3 and 4 retinopathy were significantly associated with LVH, left atrial enlargement and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), as well as with higher creatinine values. A large number of these patients presented with heart failure. Cardiac remodelling was not seen in patients without retinopathy and was uncommon in patients with grades 1 and 2 retinopathy.
conclusionGrades 3 and 4 retinopathy demonstrated a significant association with LV strain pattern and left atrial enlargement on ECG, LVH and reduced LVEF on echocardiography as well as with heart failure. There was no relationship with systolic BP and duration of hypertension, while diastolic BP showed a significant positive correlation. Signs of hypertensive heart disease were practically absent in patients without hypertensive retinopathy and uncommon in those with grade 1-2 alterations.
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