ReviewMolecular psychiatry2016
Overshadowed by the amygdala: the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis emerges as key to psychiatric disorders.
Review in Molecular psychiatry, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 394 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
394 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis deep brain stimulation in treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: a systematic review.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Comparative efficacy and safety of different surgical strategies for refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: evidence from network meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Clonidine for post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review of the current evidence.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2024Pooled it
- Sex differences in alpha-synucleinopathies: a systematic review.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Coordination of social behaviors by the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis.The European journal of neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Sex differences in the effects of aromatherapy on anxiety and salivary oxytocin levels.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Trial
- CRH neurons in the dorsal bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (dBNST) mediate contextual fear generalization.Neurobiology of stress · 2026Article
- Alcohol abstinence precipitates alcohol seeking and aversion-resistant intake in association with increased BNST activity.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Spatial transcriptomics reveal developmental dynamics of the human cerebral cortex and striatum.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Article
- Corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis control wakefulness in physiological and stressful conditions in mice.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Regulation of amygdala and dopamine system in naïve and chronic alcohol states.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Proenkephalin neurons in the adBNST mitigate stress-induced anxiety and estrous cycle disruption in female mice.Neurobiology of stress · 2026Article
- Multilevel sex-influenced neurobiological signatures of early life adversity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- High-fat diet exposure, internal state, and reward value influence decision making during motivational conflict.Neurobiology of stress · 2026Article
- Sleep-Related Attentional Bias in Insomnia: A Drift Diffusion Model Approach.Journal of sleep research · 2026Article
- Substantial evidence against sex differences in bed nucleus of the stria terminalis volume in the human brain.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Extended amygdala orchestrates social motivation in socially isolated mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Sustained hyperactivity of parasubthalamic nucleus by PACAP signaling mediates stress-induced anxiety.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Behavioural and clinical biomarkers of the human bed nucleus of stria terminalis from direct neural recordings.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Generalization of negative memories drives the development of psychological distress-related behaviors.Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2026Article
334 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is a center of integration for limbic information and valence monitoring. The BNST, sometimes referred to as the extended amygdala, is located in the basal forebrain and is a sexually dimorphic structure made up of between 12 and 18 sub-nuclei. These sub-nuclei are rich with distinct neuronal subpopulations of receptors, neurotransmitters, transporters and proteins. The BNST is important in a range of behaviors such as: the stress response, extended duration fear states and social behavior, all crucial determinants of dysfunction in human psychiatric diseases. Most research on stress and psychiatric diseases has focused on the amygdala, which regulates immediate responses to fear. However, the BNST, and not the amygdala, is the center of the psychogenic circuit from the hippocampus to the paraventricular nucleus. This circuit is important in the stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Thus, the BNST has been largely overlooked with respect to its possible dysregulation in mood and anxiety disorders, social dysfunction and psychological trauma, all of which have clear gender disparities. In this review, we will look in-depth at the anatomy and projections of the BNST, and provide an overview of the current literature on the relevance of BNST dysregulation in psychiatric diseases.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.