ArticleScientific reports2016
Appearance of β-lactam Resistance Genes in Agricultural Soils and Clinical Isolates over the 20th Century.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 146 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- A Review on the Degradation of Antibiotic Resistance Genes During Composting of Livestock Manure.Toxics · 2025Review
- Global soil antibiotic resistance genes are associated with increasing risk and connectivity to human resistome.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Unde venis? Bacterial resistance from environmental reservoirs to lettuce: tracking microbiome and resistome over a growth period.FEMS microbiology ecology · 2024Article
- Design and Validation of Primer Sets for the Detection and Quantification of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Environmental Samples by Quantitative PCR.Microbial ecology · 2024Article
- Microbial antibiotic resistance genes across an anthropogenic gradient in a Canadian High Arctic watershed.Sustainable microbiology · 2024Article
- Plasmids, a molecular cornerstone of antimicrobial resistance in the One Health era.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2024Review
- The β-Lactamase Activity at the Community Level Confers β-Lactam Resistance to Bloom-Forming Microcystis aeruginosa Cells.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2023Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Dissecting the HGT network of carbon metabolic genes in soil-borne microbiota.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Genomic epidemiology of Escherichia coli: antimicrobial resistance through a One Health lens in sympatric humans, livestock and peri-domestic wildlife in Nairobi, Kenya.BMC medicine · 2022Article
- Amoxicillin and thiamphenicol treatments may influence the co-selection of resistance genes in the chicken gut microbiota.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Biogeographical variation in antimicrobial resistance in rivers is influenced by agriculture and is spread through bacteriophages.Environmental microbiology · 2022Article
- Plasmid-Mediated Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Soil.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The source, fate and prospect of antibiotic resistance genes in soil: A review.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Thermophilic Composting of Human Feces: Development of Bacterial Community Composition and Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Pool.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Metagenomic Insights Into the Changes of Antibiotic Resistance and Pathogenicity Factor Pools Upon Thermophilic Composting of Human Excreta.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Insights into the impact of manure on the environmental antibiotic residues and resistance pool.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Antibiotic resistance in plant growth promoting bacteria: A comprehensive review and future perspectives to mitigate potential gene invasion risks.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- A resistome survey across hundreds of freshwater bacterial communities reveals the impacts of veterinary and human antibiotics use.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Debate exists about whether agricultural versus medical antibiotic use drives increasing antibiotic resistance (AR) across nature. Both sectors have been inconsistent at antibiotic stewardship, but it is unclear which sector has most influenced acquired AR on broad scales. Using qPCR and soils archived since 1923 at Askov Experimental Station in Denmark, we quantified four broad-spectrum β-lactam AR genes (ARG; bla(TEM), bla(SHV), bla(OXA) and bla(CTX-M)) and class-1 integron genes (int1) in soils from manured (M) versus inorganic fertilised (IF) fields. "Total" β-lactam ARG levels were significantly higher in M versus IF in soils post-1940 (paired-t test; p < 0.001). However, dominant individual ARGs varied over time; bla(TEM) and bla(SHV) between 1963 and 1974, bla(OXA) slightly later, and bla(CTX-M) since 1988. These dates roughly parallel first reporting of these genes in clinical isolates, suggesting ARGs in animal manure and humans are historically interconnected. Archive data further show when non-therapeutic antibiotic use was banned in Denmark, bla(CTX-M) levels declined in M soils, suggesting accumulated soil ARGs can be reduced by prudent antibiotic stewardship. Conversely, int1 levels have continued to increase in M soils since 1990, implying direct manure application to soils should be scrutinized as part of future stewardship programs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.