ArticleThe American journal of pathology2016
Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters Are Less Toxic Than Their Parent Fatty Acids Generated during Acute Pancreatitis.
Article in The American journal of pathology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of serum triglyceride concentration on the outcome of acute pancreatitis: systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2018Pooled it
- Pancreatic triglyceride lipase mediates lipotoxic systemic inflammation.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Trial
- Hypertriglyceridaemia-Associated Acute Pancreatitis: Pathophysiological Insights and Advances in Clinical Management.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Ethyl Oleate Synthesized from Fermentation Waste and Its Stability Evaluation as a Food Additive.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Amphipathic Liponecrosis Impairs Bacterial Clearance and Causes Infection During Sterile Inflammation.Gastroenterology · 2023Article
- Evidence showing lipotoxicity worsens outcomes in covid-19 patients and insights about the underlying mechanisms.iScience · 2022Article
- Exposure to binge ethanol and fatty acid ethyl esters exacerbates chronic ethanol-induced pancreatic injury in hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase-deficient deer mice.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2022Article
- Pathophysiology and Biomarker Potential of Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester Elevation During Alcoholic Pancreatitis.Gastroenterology · 2021Article
- Fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) associated acute pancreatitis: An ex-vivo study using human pancreatic acini.Pancreatology : official journal of the International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) ... [et al.] · 2020Article
- Mortality From Coronavirus Disease 2019 Increases With Unsaturated Fat and May Be Reduced by Early Calcium and Albumin Supplementation.Gastroenterology · 2020Article
- Ringer's Lactate Prevents Early Organ Failure by Providing Extracellular Calcium.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Curcumin protects the pancreas from acute pancreatitis via the mitogen‑activated protein kinase signaling pathway.Molecular medicine reports · 2019Article
- Carboxyl Ester Lipase May Not Mediate Lipotoxic Injury during Severe Acute Pancreatitis.The American journal of pathology · 2019Article
- Organ Failure Due to Systemic Injury in Acute Pancreatitis.Gastroenterology · 2019Review
- Multimodal Transgastric Local Pancreatic Hypothermia Reduces Severity of Acute Pancreatitis in Rats and Increases Survival.Gastroenterology · 2019Article
- Review
- New insights into the pathways initiating and driving pancreatitis.Current opinion in gastroenterology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Although ethanol causes acute pancreatitis (AP) and lipolytic fatty acid (FA) generation worsens AP, the contribution of ethanol metabolites of FAs, ie, FA ethyl esters (FAEEs), to AP outcomes is unclear. Previously, pancreata of dying alcoholics and pancreatic necrosis in severe AP, respectively, showed high FAEEs and FAs, with oleic acid (OA) and its ethyl esters being the most abundant. We thus compared the toxicities of FAEEs and their parent FAs in severe AP. Pancreatic acini and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were exposed to FAs or FAEEs in vitro. The triglyceride of OA (i.e., glyceryl tri-oleate) or OAEE was injected into the pancreatic ducts of rats, and local and systemic severities were studied. Unsaturated FAs at equimolar concentrations to FAEEs induced a larger increase in cytosolic calcium, mitochondrial depolarization, and necro-apoptotic cell death. Glyceryl tri-oleate but not OAEE resulted in 70% mortality with increased serum OA, a severe inflammatory response, worse pancreatic necrosis, and multisystem organ failure. Our data show that FAs are more likely to worsen AP than FAEEs. Our observations correlate well with the high pancreatic FAEE concentrations in alcoholics without pancreatitis and high FA concentrations in pancreatic necrosis. Thus, conversion of FAs to FAEE may ameliorate AP in alcoholics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.