ReviewCell & bioscience2016
Misregulation of the proline rich homeodomain (PRH/HHEX) protein in cancer cells and its consequences for tumour growth and invasion.
Review in Cell & bioscience, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- CDK4/6-targeted therapy for gastrointestinal cancers: from resistance mechanisms to immuno-combination strategies guided by biomarkers.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- New Concepts of Regeneration and Renewal of Adrenal Chromaffin Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Integrative analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression in skin cutaneous melanoma by bioinformatic approaches.Archives of dermatological research · 2025Article
- The HHEX-ABI2/SLC17A9 axis induces cancer stem cell-like properties and tumorigenesis in HCC.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Biological functions and research progress of eIF4E.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- CK2-induced cooperation of HHEX with the YAP-TEAD4 complex promotes colorectal tumorigenesis.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Hhex inhibits cell migration via regulating RHOA/CDC42-CFL1 axis in human lung cancer cells.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2021Article
- Article
- Suppression of Cell Tumorigenicity by Non-neural Pro-differentiation Factors via Inhibition of Neural Property in Tumorigenic Cells.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
- Article
- Methylation-driven genes and their prognostic value in cervical squamous cell carcinoma.Annals of translational medicine · 2020Article
- Blood platelets stimulate cancer extravasation through TGFβ-mediated downregulation of PRH/HHEX.Oncogenesis · 2020Article
- Clinicopathological Significances of Cancer Stem Cell-Associated HHEX Expression in Breast Cancer.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Article
- Aberrant DNA Methylation Predicts Melanoma-Specific Survival in Patients with Acral Melanoma.Cancers · 2019Article
- HHEX is a transcriptional regulator of the VEGFC/FLT4/PROX1 signaling axis during vascular development.Nature communications · 2018Article
- Hhex induces promyelocyte self-renewal and cooperates with growth factor independence to cause myeloid leukemia in mice.Blood advances · 2018Article
- Protein kinase CK2 inhibition suppresses neointima formation via a proline-rich homeodomain-dependent mechanism.Vascular pharmacology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The proline rich homeodomain protein (PRH), also known as haematopoietically expressed homeobox (HHEX), is an essential transcription factor in embryonic development and in the adult. The PRH protein forms oligomeric complexes that bind to tandemly repeated PRH recognition sequences within or at a distance from PRH-target genes and recruit a variety of PRH-interacting proteins. PRH can also bind to other transcription factors and co-regulate specific target genes either directly through DNA binding, or indirectly through effects on the activity of its partner proteins. In addition, like some other homeodomain proteins, PRH can regulate the translation of specific mRNAs. Altered PRH expression and altered PRH intracellular localisation, are associated with breast cancer, liver cancer and thyroid cancer and some subtypes of leukaemia. This is consistent with the involvement of multiple PRH-interacting proteins, including the oncoprotein c-Myc, translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), and the promyelocytic leukaemia protein (PML), in the control of cell proliferation and cell survival. Similarly, multiple PRH target genes, including the genes encoding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptors, Endoglin, and Goosecoid, are known to be important in the control of cell proliferation and cell survival and/or the regulation of cell migration and invasion. In this review, we summarise the evidence that implicates PRH in tumourigenesis and we review the data that suggests PRH levels could be useful in cancer prognosis and in the choice of treatment options.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.