SynthesisThe Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology2016
Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy: Updated meta-analysis on maternal outcomes.
Synthesis in The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 148 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy and maternal and neonatal outcomes: results from a quantitative umbrella meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of vitamin D supplementation on ovulation and pregnancy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Association betweenPeerJ · 2023Pooled it
- Vitamin D-Related Risk Factors for Maternal Morbidity and Mortality during Pregnancy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Vitamin D and Multiple Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Observational Studies, Randomized Controlled Trials, and Mendelian Randomization Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Pooled it
- Vitamin D-Related Risk Factors for Maternal Morbidity during Pregnancy: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Supplementation of Vitamin D in the Postdelivery Period of Women with Previous Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Vitamin D supplementation to improve pregnancy and perinatal outcomes: an overview of 42 systematic reviews.BMJ open · 2020Pooled it
- Clinical practice guideline on pregnancy and renal disease.BMC nephrology · 2019Guideline
- Association Between Vitamin D Supplementation During Pregnancy and Offspring Growth, Morbidity, and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA pediatrics · 2018Pooled it
- Associations of Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency with Pregnancy and Neonatal Complications in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2018Pooled it
- Effects of multivitamin combined with magnesium sulfate versus magnesium sulfate alone on hemodynamics, coagulation, and maternal-infant outcomes in preeclampsia: a randomized controlled study.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Trial
- Effect of vitamin D deficiency on pregnancy outcomes in obese and non-obese pregnant women.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- The role of vitamin D in pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.Endocrine connections · 2026Article
- Vitamin D and calcium status in preeclampsia and pregnancy-induced hypertension.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2025Observational
- Article
- Association of 25(OH)-Vitamin D3 Serum Concentrations and Vitamin D Receptor Gene Variants with the Risk of Idiopathic Spontaneous Preterm Birth in the Croatian Population.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Vitamin D Deficiency and Maternal Diseases as Risk Factors for the Development of Macrosomia in Newborns.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Vitamin D and reproductive disorders: a comprehensive review with a focus on endometriosis.Reproductive health · 2024Review
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundVitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent during pregnancy. It has been suggested that vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy may reduce the risk of adverse gestational outcomes.
objectivesTo update a previous meta-analysis on the effects of oral vitamin D supplementation (alone or in combination with other vitamins and minerals) during pregnancy on maternal 25(OH)D levels and risk of developing pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, preterm birth, impaired glucose tolerance, caesarean section, gestational hypertension and other adverse conditions.
methodsWe searched for randomized and quasi-randomized trials through the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register, the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, and direct communications with relevant organizations. Assessments of inclusion criteria, extraction of data from included studies, and risk of bias' assessments of the included studies were done independently by two review authors.
resultsWe included 15 trials, excluded 27 trials and 23 trials are still ongoing/unpublished. Data from seven trials with 868 women suggest that pregnant women supplemented with vitamin D had significantly higher 25(OH)D levels compared to controls (mean difference: 54.7nmol/L; 95% CI 36.6, 72.9). Two trials found a lower risk of preeclampsia (8.9% versus 15.5%; average risk ratio 0.52; 95% CI 0.25, 1.05) and two other trials found no difference in the risk of gestational diabetes with vitamin D supplementation. Also, three trials found that supplementation with vitamin D plus calcium reduced the risk of pre-eclampsia (5% versus 9%; average risk ratio 0.51; 95% CI 0.32, 0.80).
conclusionSupplementing pregnant women with vitamin D led to significantly higher levels of 25(OH)D at term compared to placebo/control but results were inconsistent. Vitamin D supplementation, with or without calcium, may be related to lower risk of preeclampsia but more studies are needed to confirm this.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.