Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26875669›Full record

ArticleNature communications2016

Gut immunity in a protochordate involves a secreted immunoglobulin-type mediator binding host chitin and bacteria.

Larry J Dishaw, Brittany Leigh, John P Cannon, Assunta Liberti, M Gail Mueller, Diana P Skapura, Charlotte R Karrer, Maria R Pinto, Rosaria De Santis, Gary W Litman

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
3.1field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Microbiology resource announcements · 2025
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  3. Redefinition of the toll-like receptor repertoire inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025
    Article
  4. Tethering of soluble immune effectors to mucin and chitin reflects a convergent and dynamic role in gut immunity.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Cultivation of gut microorganisms of the marine ascidianMarine life science & technology · 2022
    Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Larry J DishawDepartment of Pediatrics, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, 140 7th Avenue South, St Petersburg, Florida 33701, USA.
Brittany LeighCollege of Marine Sciences, University of South Florida St Petersburg, 140 7th Avenue South, St Petersburg, Florida 33701, USA.
John P CannonDepartment of Pediatrics, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, 140 7th Avenue South, St Petersburg, Florida 33701, USA.
Assunta LibertiDepartment of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Napoli 80121, Italy.
M Gail MuellerDepartment of Pediatrics, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, 140 7th Avenue South, St Petersburg, Florida 33701, USA.
Diana P SkapuraDepartment of Molecular Genetics, All Children's Hospital Johns Hopkins Medicine, 501 6th Avenue South, St Petersburg, Florida 33701, USA.
Charlotte R KarrerDepartment of Pediatrics, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, 140 7th Avenue South, St Petersburg, Florida 33701, USA.
Maria R PintoDepartment of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Napoli 80121, Italy.
Rosaria De SantisDepartment of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Napoli 80121, Italy.
Gary W LitmanDepartment of Pediatrics, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, 140 7th Avenue South, St Petersburg, Florida 33701, USA.
University of South Florida St. Petersburg · USStazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn · ITJohns Hopkins All Children's Hospital · USJohns Hopkins University · US

Funding

NIAID NIH HHS R01AI2338
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Protochordate variable region-containing chitin-binding proteins (VCBPs) consist of immunoglobulin-type V domains and a chitin-binding domain (CBD). VCBP V domains facilitate phagocytosis of bacteria by granulocytic amoebocytes; the function of the CBD is not understood. Here we show that the gut mucosa of Ciona intestinalis contains an extensive matrix of chitin fibrils to which VCBPs bind early in gut development, before feeding. Later in development, VCBPs and bacteria colocalize to chitin-rich mucus along the intestinal wall. VCBP-C influences biofilm formation in vitro and, collectively, the findings of this study suggest that VCBP-C may influence the overall settlement and colonization of bacteria in the Ciona gut. Basic relationships between soluble immunoglobulin-type molecules, endogenous chitin and bacteria arose early in chordate evolution and are integral to the overall function of the gut barrier.

Indexed as

AnimalsBiofilmsCarrier ProteinsChitinChitin SynthaseCiona intestinalisGastrointestinal MicrobiomeImmunity, MucosalImmunoglobulin Variable RegionImmunohistochemistryIn Situ Hybridization, FluorescenceIntestinal MucosaMucusCarrier ProteinsChitinChitin SynthaseImmunoglobulin Variable Region

Identifiers

PMID26875669
PMCPMC4757023
OpenAlexW2299048667

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.