Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26874911›Full record

ArticleClinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)2017

Dietary pattern, inflammation and cognitive decline: The Whitehall II prospective cohort study.

Mio Ozawa, Martin Shipley, Mika Kivimaki, Archana Singh-Manoux, Eric J Brunner

Registry-linked trialOpen access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04606420 (Lifestyle Intervention for Early Alzheimer's Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 84 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
84citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
14.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04606420 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2018, after this paper: background citation

Lifestyle Intervention for Early Alzheimer's Disease

TypeinterventionalSponsorPreventive Medicine Research InstituteRan2018 to 2023Enrolled51ConditionsAlzheimer DiseaseArmsLifestyle medicine
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

84 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 161 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  14. Diets to promote healthy brain ageing.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025
    Review
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24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Mio OzawaDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK. Electronic address: mio.ozawa@ucl.ac.uk.
Martin ShipleyDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK. Electronic address: martin.shipley@ucl.ac.uk.
Mika KivimakiDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK. Electronic address: m.kivimaki@ucl.ac.uk.
Archana Singh-ManouxDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK; INSERM, U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France. Electronic address: a.singh-manoux@ucl.ac.uk.
Eric J BrunnerDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK. Electronic address: e.brunner@ucl.ac.uk.
Public Health England · GBInserm · FR

Funding

Socio-economic status and heterogeneity in agingR01AG013196 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF LONDON INST OF NEUROLOGY · PI MARMOT, MICHAEL G, SINGH-MANOUX, ARCHANA · 1996 to 2013
$3.5M
Health behaviors over the adult lifecourse and cognitive agingR01AG034454 · NIA · UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON · PI KIVIMAKI, MIKA J, SINGH-MANOUX, ARCHANA · 2009 to 2013
$1.5M
British Heart Foundation RG/13/2/30098British Heart Foundation RG/16/11/32334Medical Research Council K013351Medical Research Council MR/K013351/1NIA NIH HHS R01 AG013196NIA NIH HHS R01 AG034454
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND &

aimsLow-grade inflammation appears to play an etiological role in cognitive decline. However the association between an inflammatory dietary pattern and cognitive decline has not been investigated. We aimed to investigate dietary patterns associated with inflammation and whether such diet is associated with cognitive decline.

methodsWe analyzed 5083 participants (28.7% women) from the Whitehall II cohort study. Diet and serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) were assessed in 1991-1993 and 1997-1999. We used reduced rank regression methods to determine a dietary pattern associated with elevated IL-6. Cognitive tests were performed in 1997-1999 and repeated in 2002-2004 and 2007-2009. The association between dietary pattern and cognitive decline between ages 45 and 79 was assessed using linear mixed models.

resultsWe identified an inflammatory dietary pattern characterized by higher intake of red meat, processed meat, peas and legumes, and fried food, and lower intake of whole grains which correlated with elevated IL-6 both in 1991-1993 and 1997-1999. A greater decline in reasoning was seen in participants in the highest tertile of adherence to the inflammatory dietary pattern (-0.37 SD; 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.40, -0.34) compared to those in the lowest tertile (-0.31; 95% CI -0.34, -0.28) after adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, occupational status, education, and total energy intake (p for interaction across tertiles = 0.01). This association remained significant after multivariable adjustment. Similarly for global cognition, the inflammatory dietary pattern was associated with faster cognitive decline after multivariable adjustment (p for interaction across tertiles = 0.04). Associations were stronger in younger participants (<56 years), reducing the possibility of reverse causation.

conclusionsOur study found that a dietary pattern characterized as higher intake of red and processed meat, peas, legumes and fried food, and lower intake of whole grains was associated with higher inflammatory markers and accelerated cognitive decline at older ages. This supports the case for further research.

Indexed as

AdultAgedCognitionCognitive DysfunctionDietFabaceaeFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansInflammationInterleukin-6MaleMiddle AgedNutrition AssessmentPisum sativumProspective StudiesIL6 protein, humanInterleukin-6AgingCognitive declineDietInflammationLongitudinal study

Identifiers

PMID26874911
PMCPMC5381339
OpenAlexW2206695638

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.