ArticleEpilepsy research2016
Seizure facilitating activity of the oral contraceptive ethinyl estradiol.
Article in Epilepsy research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrative Drug-Target Causal Analysis, Single-Cell Sequencing and In-Vivo Validation for Dissecting Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Focal Epilepsy.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Sex-Related Differences in Pharmacological Response to CNS Drugs: A Narrative Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Review
- Does Stress Trigger Seizures? Evidence from Experimental Models.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2022Article
- Sex Differences in the Epilepsies and Associated Comorbidities: Implications for Use and Development of Pharmacotherapies.Pharmacological reviews · 2020Review
- Hormonal contraception is not associated with increased risk for seizures in the general population: results from a cohort study using The Health Improvement Network.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2018Observational
- Do oral contraceptives increase epileptic seizures?Expert review of neurotherapeutics · 2017Article
- Sex differences in the anticonvulsant activity of neurosteroids.Journal of neuroscience research · 2017Review
- Catamenial Epilepsy: Discovery of an Extrasynaptic Molecular Mechanism for Targeted Therapy.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Contraceptive management is critical in women with epilepsy. Although oral contraceptives (OCs) are widely used by many women with epilepsy, little is known about their impact on epileptic seizures and epileptogenesis. Ethinyl estradiol (EE) is the primary component of OC pills. In this study, we investigated the pharmacological effect of EE on epileptogenesis and kindled seizures in female mice using the hippocampus kindling model. Animals were stimulated daily with or without EE until generalized stage 5 seizures were elicited. EE treatment significantly accelerated the rate of epileptogenesis. In acute studies, EE caused a significant decrease in the afterdischarge threshold and increased the incidence and severity of seizures in fully-kindled mice. In chronic studies, EE treatment caused a greater susceptibility to kindled seizures. Collectively, these results are consistent with moderate proconvulsant-like activity of EE. Such excitatory effects may affect seizure risk in women with epilepsy taking OC pills.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.