Trial reportEuropean journal of nutrition2017
The plasma bioavailability of nitrate and betanin from Beta vulgaris rubra in humans.
Trial report in European journal of nutrition, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Beetroot Juice on Physical Performance in Professional Athletes and Healthy Individuals: An Umbrella Review.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Factors that Moderate the Effect of Nitrate Ingestion on Exercise Performance in Adults: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analyses and Meta-Regressions.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Pooled it
- Pharmacokinetic Profile of Incremental Oral Doses of Dietary Nitrate in Young and Older Adults: A Crossover Randomized Clinical Trial.The Journal of nutrition · 2022Trial
- Effect of 1-week betalain-rich beetroot concentrate supplementation on cycling performance and select physiological parameters.European journal of applied physiology · 2018Trial
- Effects of Beetroot Juice on Recovery of Muscle Function and Performance between Bouts of Repeated Sprint Exercise.Nutrients · 2016Trial
- Review
- Betanin fromBiomedicines · 2026Article
- Betanin ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice by modulating tight junction protein expression.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Influence of exercise training on nitric oxide pathways and their physiological effects.Redox biology · 2026Review
- Acute beetroot juice supplementation enhances short duration high-intensity exercise performance and influences muscle oxygenation in football players.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Impact of the Food Matrix on the Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Effects of Betalains from Red Prickly Pear Juice After In Vitro Digestion.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Effects of Antioxidant Supplementation on Soccer Performance and Recovery: A Critical Review of the Available Evidence.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Beetroot juice supplementation and exercise performance: is there more to the story than just nitrate?Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Review
- Combining Conventional Organic Solvent Extraction, Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, and Chromatographic Techniques to Obtain Pure Betanin from Beetroot for Clinical Purposes.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Microencapsulated and Ready-to-Eat Beetroot Soup: A Stable and Attractive Formulation Enriched in Nitrate, Betalains and Minerals.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Pure Juice Supplementation: Its Effect on Muscle Recovery and Sports Performance.The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS · 2023Review
- Bioaccessibility of Betalains in Beetroot (Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- An Overview of Herbal-Based Antidiabetic Drug Delivery Systems: Focus on Lipid- and Inorganic-Based Nanoformulations.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Agri-Food Waste from Apple, Pear, and Sugar Beet as a Source of Protective Bioactive Molecules for Endothelial Dysfunction and Its Major Complications.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Characterizing Marathon-Induced Metabolic Changes UsingMetabolites · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo evaluate the plasma bioavailability of betanin and nitric oxide (NOx) after consuming beetroot juice (BTJ) and whole beetroot (BF). BTJ and BF were also analysed for antioxidant capacity, polyphenol content (TPC) and betalain content.
methodsTen healthy males consumed either 250 ml of BTJ, 300 g of BF or a placebo drink, in a randomised, crossover design. Venous plasma samples were collected pre (baseline), 1, 2, 3, 5 and 8 h post-ingestion. Betanin content in BTJ, BF and plasma was analysed with reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry detection (LCMS). Antioxidant capacity was estimated using the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and polyphenol content using Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric methods [gallic acid equivalents (GAE)] and betalain content spectrophotometrically.
resultsTEAC was 11.4 ± 0.2 mmol/L for BTJ and 3.4 ± 0.4 μmol/g for BF. Both BTJ and BF contained a number of polyphenols (1606.9 ± 151 mg/GAE/L and 1.67 ± 0.1 mg/GAE/g, respectively), betacyanins (68.2 ± 0.4 mg/betanin equivalents/L and 19.6 ± 0.6 mg/betanin equivalents/100 g, respectively) and betaxanthins (41.7 ± 0.7 mg/indicaxanthin equivalents/L and 7.5 ± 0.2 mg/indicaxanthin equivalents/100 g, respectively). Despite high betanin contents in both BTJ (~194 mg) and BF (~66 mg), betanin could not be detected in the plasma at any time point post-ingestion. Plasma NOx was elevated above baseline for 8 h after consuming BTJ and 5 h after BF (P < 0.05).
conclusionsThese data reveal that BTJ and BF are rich in phytonutrients and may provide a useful means of increasing plasma NOx bioavailability. However, betanin, the major betalain in beetroot, showed poor bioavailability in plasma.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.