ArticlePloS one2016
Electroencephalographic Fractal Dimension in Healthy Ageing and Alzheimer's Disease.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 165 citations in OpenAlex.
- The neurophysiology of healthy and pathological aging: a comprehensive systematic review.Brain structure & function · 2025Pooled it
- An Exploratory EEG Analysis on the Effects of Virtual Reality in People with Neuropathic Pain Following Spinal Cord Injury.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Trial
- Cortical neurodynamics changes mediate the efficacy of a personalized neuromodulation against multiple sclerosis fatigue.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- LSD reconfigures cortical dynamics through faster brain rhythms and increased fractal dimension.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Impact of Recording Conditions and Feature Fusion on Dementia Classification Using Spectral, Entropy, and Complexity EEG Features.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A CNN-transformer fusion for EEG-based discrimination of Alzheimer's and frontotemporal dementia.Physical and engineering sciences in medicine · 2026Article
- A time-scale representation of EEG Higuchi fractal dimension.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Spike dynamics in primate lateral prefrontal cortex during working memory and decision-making: A fractal analysis.iScience · 2026Article
- EEG Unpredictability in the Resting State of Major Depressive Disorder: A Multidomain EEG Analysis.Brain topography · 2026Article
- Normative Modeling of EEG Complexity Reveals Cortical Rigidity Associated with Pain Severity in Chronic Pain.Journal of pain research · 2026Article
- Feeding the mind: preliminary insights into the effects of Anthocyanin-Rich Extract from black carrots on brain activity and gut microbiota in patients with cognitive impairments.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- EEG biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease: A novel automated pipeline for detecting and monitoring disease progression.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Article
- Evaluating EEG complexity and spectral signatures in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia: evidence for rostrocaudal asymmetry.npj aging · 2025Article
- The fractal dimension of resting state EEG increases over age in children.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2025Article
- Alpha rhythm and Alzheimer's disease: Has Hans Berger's dream come true?Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Alzheimer's disease-like features in resting state EEG/fMRI of cognitively intact and healthy middle-agedJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Article
- Impact of interferon-β and dimethyl fumarate on nonlinear dynamical characteristics of electroencephalogram signatures in patients with multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in neuroinformatics · 2025Article
- Correlations Between Morpho-structural Properties of the Brain and Cognitive and Motor Deficits in Individuals with Traumatic Brain Injury.Neurotrauma reports · 2025Article
- The Impact of the Natural Level of Blood Biochemicals on Electroencephalographic Markers in Healthy People.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Resting-State EEG Alterations of Practice-Related Spectral Activity and Connectivity Patterns in Depression.Biomedicines · 2024Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Brain activity is complex; a reflection of its structural and functional organization. Among other measures of complexity, the fractal dimension is emerging as being sensitive to neuronal damage secondary to neurological and psychiatric diseases. Here, we calculated Higuchi's fractal dimension (HFD) in resting-state eyes-closed electroencephalography (EEG) recordings from 41 healthy controls (age: 20-89 years) and 67 Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients (age: 50-88 years), to investigate whether HFD is sensitive to brain activity changes typical in healthy aging and in AD. Additionally, we considered whether AD-accelerating effects of the copper fraction not bound to ceruloplasmin (also called "free" copper) are reflected in HFD fluctuations. The HFD measure showed an inverted U-shaped relationship with age in healthy people (R2 = .575, p < .001). Onset of HFD decline appeared around the age of 60, and was most evident in central-parietal regions. In this region, HFD decreased with aging stronger in the right than in the left hemisphere (p = .006). AD patients demonstrated reduced HFD compared to age- and education-matched healthy controls, especially in temporal-occipital regions. This was associated with decreasing cognitive status as assessed by mini-mental state examination, and with higher levels of non-ceruloplasmin copper. Taken together, our findings show that resting-state EEG complexity increases from youth to maturity and declines in healthy, aging individuals. In AD, brain activity complexity is further reduced in correlation with cognitive impairment. In addition, elevated levels of non-ceruloplasmin copper appear to accelerate the reduction of neural activity complexity. Overall, HDF appears to be a proper indicator for monitoring EEG-derived brain activity complexity in healthy and pathological aging.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.