Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26870829›Full record

ArticleEBioMedicine2016

Research Investments in Global Health: A Systematic Analysis of UK Infectious Disease Research Funding and Global Health Metrics, 1997-2013.

Michael G Head, Joseph R Fitchett, Vaitehi Nageshwaran, Nina Kumari, Andrew Hayward, Rifat Atun

Abstract readHistorical Article
In one paragraph

Article in EBioMedicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Health-related quality of life due to malaria: a systematic review.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. A Systematic Review of Typhoid Fever Occurrence in Africa.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019
    Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Review
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  10. Databases for Research and Development.Emerging infectious diseases · 2019
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Hepatitis B virus infection as a neglected tropical disease.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2017
    Article
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  16. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Michael G HeadUniversity College London, Farr Institute for Health Informatics, 222 Euston Road, London NW1 2DA, United Kingdom; Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, United Kingdom. Electronic address: m.head@ucl.ac.uk.
Joseph R FitchettLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom; Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
Vaitehi NageshwaranImperial College London, School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
Nina KumariImperial College London, School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
Andrew HaywardUniversity College London, Farr Institute for Health Informatics, 222 Euston Road, London NW1 2DA, United Kingdom.
Rifat AtunHarvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInfectious diseases account for a significant global burden of disease and substantial investment in research and development. This paper presents a systematic assessment of research investments awarded to UK institutions and global health metrics assessing disease burden.

methodsWe systematically sourced research funding data awarded from public and philanthropic organisations between 1997 and 2013. We screened awards for relevance to infection and categorised data by type of science, disease area and specific pathogen. Investments were compared with mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and years lived with disability (YLD) across three time points.

findingsBetween 1997-2013, there were 7398 awards with a total investment of £3.7 billion. An increase in research funding across 2011-2013 was observed for most disease areas, with notable exceptions being sexually transmitted infections and sepsis research where funding decreased. Most funding remains for pre-clinical research (£2.2 billion, 59.4%). Relative to global mortality, DALYs and YLDs, acute hepatitis C, leishmaniasis and African trypanosomiasis received comparatively high levels of funding. Pneumonia, shigellosis, pertussis, cholera and syphilis were poorly funded across all health metrics. Tuberculosis (TB) consistently attracts relatively less funding than HIV and malaria.

interpretationMost infections have received increases in research investment, alongside decreases in global burden of disease in 2013. The UK demonstrates research strengths in some neglected tropical diseases such as African trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis, but syphilis, cholera, shigellosis and pneumonia remain poorly funded relative to their global burden. Acute hepatitis C appears well funded but the figures do not adequately take into account projected future chronic burdens for this condition. These findings can help to inform global policymakers on resource allocation for research investment.

Indexed as

InvestmentsCommunicable DiseasesCost of IllnessFinancial SupportGlobal HealthHistory, 20th CenturyHistory, 21st CenturyHumansResearchSystems AnalysisUnited KingdomDisease burdenFundingGlobal healthInfectious diseaseResearch investment

Identifiers

PMID26870829
PMCPMC4739409

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.