ArticleEBioMedicine2015
Associated Links Among Smoking, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Pooled Analysis in the International Lung Cancer Consortium.
Article in EBioMedicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening and treatment methods: a systematic review of systematic reviews.BMC health services research · 2017Pooled it
- Sequential screening for lung cancer in a high-risk group: randomised controlled trial: LungSEARCH: a randomised controlled trial of Surveillance using sputum and imaging for the EARly detection of lung Cancer in a High-risk group.The European respiratory journal · 2019Trial
- Immunotherapeutic maintenance treatment with toll-like receptor 9 agonist lefitolimod in patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: results from the exploratory, controlled, randomized, international phase II IMPULSE study.Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 2018Trial
- Immunotherapy With Anti-PD-1 Versus Anti-PD-L1 in SCLC: A Comprehensive Retrospective Analysis.MedComm · 2026Article
- Real-world survival outcomes with first-line chemoimmunotherapy and biomarker analysis in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Article
- Subtype-specific dependencies and therapeutic opportunities in small cell lung cancer.Science advances · 2026Review
- Small Cell Lung Cancer Classification: Unraveling Heterogeneity to Enable Personalized Treatments.Cancer research · 2026Review
- Safety, Efficacy, and Central Nervous System Control in Patients with High Baseline Risk Factors Treated with Tarlatamab for SCLC or Extrapulmonary Small Cell Carcinoma.JTO clinical and research reports · 2025Article
- Associations between four insulin resistance (IR) surrogates and the risk of small cell lung cancer (SCLC).Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Eating Disorders and Later Incidence of Cancer: A Nationwide Longitudinal Study in Denmark.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025Article
- Surgical treatment of small-cell lung cancer: long-term prognosis and patterns of adjuvant therapy.Translational lung cancer research · 2025Article
- Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the lung: The latest updates.World journal of clinical oncology · 2025Review
- In Silico Identification of LSD1 Inhibition-Responsive Targets in Small Cell Lung Cancer.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Assessment and recalibration of seventeen lung cancer risk prediction models in approximately one million Chinese population utilising healthcare big data: a retrospective cohort analysis.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2025Article
- Molecular heterogeneity of small cell lung cancer and new therapeutic possibilities: a narrative review of the literature.Translational lung cancer research · 2025Review
- [Exploration and Challenge of Whole Course Follow-up Management Model for Small Cell Lung Cancer].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2025Review
- The causal and mediation effect of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on lung cancer subtypes: a two-sample mendelian randomization study.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2025Article
- A comparison of clinical guidelines, treatment characteristics and outcomes in small cell lung cancer between East Asia and Europe/North America.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Case report: A patient with EGFR L861Q positive adenosquamous lung carcinoma transforming into large cell neuroendocrine cancer after treatment with Almonertinib.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Genomic Profiling of Extensive Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients Identifies Molecular Factors Associated with Survival.Lung Cancer (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
56 authors at 20 institutions in 13 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe high relapse and mortality rate of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) fuels the need for epidemiologic study to aid in its prevention.
methodsWe included 24 studies from the ILCCO collaboration. Random-effects panel logistic regression and cubic spline regression were used to estimate the effects of smoking behaviors on SCLC risk and explore their non-linearity. Further, we explored whether the risk of smoking on SCLC was mediated through COPD.
findingsSignificant dose-response relationships of SCLC risk were observed for all quantitative smoking variables. Smoking pack-years were associated with a sharper increase of SCLC risk for pack-years ranged 0 to approximately 50. The former smokers with longer cessation showed a 43%quit_for_5-9 years to 89%quit_for_≥ 20 years declined SCLC risk vs. subjects who had quit smoking < 5 years. Compared with non-COPD subjects, smoking behaviors showed a significantly higher effect on SCLC risk among COPD subjects, and further, COPD patients showed a 1.86-fold higher risk of SCLC. Furthermore, smoking behaviors on SCLC risk were significantly mediated through COPD which accounted for 0.70% to 7.55% of total effects.
interpretationThis is the largest pooling study that provides improved understanding of smoking on SCLC, and further demonstrates a causal pathway through COPD that warrants further experimental study.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.