ReviewFrontiers in microbiology2016
Bacterial Toxins as Pathogen Weapons Against Phagocytes.
Review in Frontiers in microbiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Modes of (Inter)Actions of Polyvalent Immunoglobulins: Nonclinical and Clinical Research in Severe Bacterial Infections.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Gut Virome: What's the Role in Irritable Bowel Syndrome?Reviews in medical virology · 2025Review
- Femtosecond laser irradiation has an anti-virulence effect by reducing the adhesion and invasion of MRSA bacteria to human cells: an in vitro study.Lasers in medical science · 2025Article
- Isolation and Identification ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Effects of global change drivers on the expression of pathogenicity and stress genes in dryland soil fungi.mSphere · 2024Article
- The Comparative Characterization of a HypervirulentInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Novel Aptamer Strategies in Combating Bacterial Infections: From Diagnostics to Therapeutics.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Fit-for-purpose heterodivalent single-domain antibody for gastrointestinal targeting of toxin B from Clostridium difficile.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2024Article
- The Epistemology of Bacterial Virulence Factor Characterization.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Contribution of CNS and extra-CNS infections to neurodegeneration: a narrative review.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Review
- CD1 and iNKT cells mediate immune responses against the GBS hemolytic lipid toxin induced by a non-toxic analog.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Evaluation of gene expression related to immunity, apoptosis, and gut integrity that underlies3 Biotech · 2023Article
- The Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Spirotetronate Lobophorins A, B, and H8 fromMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Metagenomic insights into the composition and function of the gut microbiota of mice infected withFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Utility of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing in Infective Endocarditis: A Systematic Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Virulence Genes and In Vitro Antibiotic Profile ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- The Effect of the Gut Microbiota on Systemic and Anti-Tumor Immunity and Response to Systemic Therapy against Cancer.Cancers · 2022Review
- MicroRNA and Gut Microbiota: Tiny but Mighty-Novel Insights into Their Cross-talk in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pathogenesis and Therapeutics.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2022Review
- Aluminum hydroxide adjuvant diverts the uptake and trafficking of genetically detoxified pertussis toxin to lysosomes in macrophages.Molecular microbiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacterial toxins are virulence factors that manipulate host cell functions and take over the control of vital processes of living organisms to favor microbial infection. Some toxins directly target innate immune cells, thereby annihilating a major branch of the host immune response. In this review we will focus on bacterial toxins that act from the extracellular milieu and hinder the function of macrophages and neutrophils. In particular, we will concentrate on toxins from Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that manipulate cell signaling or induce cell death by either imposing direct damage to the host cells cytoplasmic membrane or enzymatically modifying key eukaryotic targets. Outcomes regarding pathogen dissemination, host damage and disease progression will be discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.