ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2016
Multiple Pituitary Adenomas: A Systematic Review.
Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Double pituitary adenomas: report of two cases and systematic review of the literature.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- Double pituitary adenomas are most commonly associated with GH- and ACTH-secreting tumors: systematic review of the literature.Pituitary · 2017Pooled it
- Diabetes Insipidus as a Rare Complication of Metastatic Breast Cancer With Pituitary Metastases.Cureus · 2026Article
- Clinical management challenges of Cushing's disease associated with double pituitary adenomas: four cases and literature review.Endocrine · 2026Review
- Prolactinoma localization by inferior petrosal sinus sampling: illustrative case.Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons · 2026Article
- Challenges and opportunities for new intraoperative optical techniques in the surgical treatment of pituitary adenomas: a review.Journal of biomedical optics · 2025Review
- Article
- Double pituitary adenoma associated with acromegaly and hyperprolactinemia: a case report.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Double PitNETs: A Case Report and Literature Review.Cancers · 2025Review
- Navigating prognostic strategies for GH- and PRL-secreting pituitary neuroendocrine tumors: key insights from a clinicopathological study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- A Non-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma That Changed to a Prolactinoma.Clinics and practice · 2024Article
- Phenotype Transformation of PitNETs.Cancers · 2024Review
- Cushing Disease in a Patient with Double Pituitary Adenomas Complicated with Diabetes Insipidus: A Case Report.Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies · 2024Article
- A clinicopathological study of non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumours using the World Health Organization 2022 classification.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- A rare case of double pituitary prolactinomas: the diagnostic application of intraoperative ultrasonography and DNA methylation markers.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
- Consecutive resections of double pituitary adenoma for resolution of Cushing disease: illustrative case.Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons · 2023Article
- Article
- The hallmarks of cancer… in pituitary tumors?Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2023Review
- A Collision Tumor of Pit-1/SF-1-positive Double Pituitary Adenoma and a Craniopharyngioma Coexisting with Graves' Disease.NMC case report journal · 2023Article
- A Comprehensive Approach to Predicting the Outcomes of Transsphenoidal Endoscopic Adenomectomy in Patients with Cushing's Disease.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection databases were systematically searched for studies reporting synchronous double or multiple pituitary adenomas (MPA), a rare clinical condition, with a vague pathogenesis. Multiple adenomas of the pituitary gland are referred to as morphologically and/or immunocytochemically distinct tumors that are frequently small-sized and hormonally non-functional, to account for the low detection rate. There is no general agreement on how to classify MPA, various criteria, such as tumor contiguity, immunoreactivity, and clonality analysis are being used. Among the component tumors, prolactin (PRL)-immunopositive adenomas are highly prevalent, albeit mute in the majority of cases. The most frequent clinical presentation of MPA is Cushing's syndrome, given the fact that in more than 50% of reported cases at least one lesion stains for adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). Plurihormonal hyperactivity may be diagnosed in a patient with MPA when more than one tumor is clinically active (e.g., ACTH and PRL) or in cases with at least one composite tumor (e.g., GH and PRL), to complicate the clinical scenario. Specific challenges associated with MPA include high surgical failure rates, enforcing second-look surgery in certain cases, and difficult preoperative neuroradiological imaging evaluation, with an overall sensitivity of only 25% for magnetic resonance imaging to detect distinct multiple tumors. Alternatively, minor pituitary imaging abnormalities may raise suspicion, as these are not uncommon. Postoperative immunohistochemistry is mandatory and in conjunction to electron microscopy scanning and testing for transcription factors (i.e., Pit-1, T-pit, and SF-1) accurately define and classify the distinct cytodifferentiation of MPA.
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