Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26869598›Full record

ArticleTobacco control2016

Secondhand smoke exposure at home among one billion children in 21 countries: findings from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS).

Lazarous Mbulo, Krishna Mohan Palipudi, Linda Andes, Jeremy Morton, Rizwan Bashir, Heba Fouad, Nivo Ramanandraibe, Roberta Caixeta, Rula Cavaco Dias, Trudy M A Wijnhoven and 4 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Tobacco control, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
78citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
7.2field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

78 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 133 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  6. Pooled it
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  9. Trial
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  13. Children Learning About Secondhand Smoke (CLASS II): A Pilot Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019
    Trial
  14. Trial
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Development of the Respiratory System During Adolescence.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026
    Review
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Second-hand smoke exposure among school children during COVID-19 in Jeddah.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2025
    Article

18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 9 institutions in 7 countries.

Lazarous MbuloOffice on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Smoking and Health, Global Tobacco Control Branch, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Krishna Mohan PalipudiOffice on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Smoking and Health, Global Tobacco Control Branch, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Linda AndesOffice on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Smoking and Health, Global Tobacco Control Branch, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Jeremy MortonOffice on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Smoking and Health, Global Tobacco Control Branch, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Rizwan BashirOffice on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Smoking and Health, Global Tobacco Control Branch, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Heba FouadRegional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, World Health Organization, Cairo, Egypt.
Nivo RamanandraibeRegional Office for Africa, World Health Organization, Brazzaville, Congo.
Roberta CaixetaPan American Health Organization, World Health Organization, Washington DC, USA.
Rula Cavaco DiasDivision of Noncommunicable Diseases and Promoting Health through the Life-Course, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Trudy M A WijnhovenDivision of Noncommunicable Diseases and Promoting Health through the Life-Course, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Mina KashiwabaraRegional Office for the Western Pacific, World Health Organization, Manila, Philippines.
Dhirendra N SinhaRegional Office for South-East Asia, World Health Organization, New Delhi, India.
Edouard Tursan d'EspaignetTobacco Free Initiative, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
GATS Collaborative Group
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention · USNational Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion · USWorld Health Organization Regional Office for Europe · DKWorld Health Organization · CHWorld Health Organization Regional Office for Africa · CGWorld Health Organization Regional Office for South-East Asia · INWorld Health Organization Regional Office for the Americas · USWorld Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean · EGWorld Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific · PH

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveChildren are vulnerable to secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure because of limited control over their indoor environment. Homes remain the major place where children may be exposed to SHS. Our study examines the magnitude, patterns and determinants of SHS exposure in the home among children in 21 countries (19 low-income and middle-income countries and 2 high-income countries).

methodsGlobal Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) data, a household survey of people 15 years of age or older. Data collected during 2009-2013 were analysed to estimate the proportion of children exposed to SHS in the home. GATS estimates and 2012 United Nations population projections for 2015 were also used to estimate the number of children exposed to SHS in the home.

resultsThe proportion of children younger than 15 years of age exposed to SHS in the home ranged from 4.5% (Panama) to 79.0% (Indonesia). Of the approximately one billion children younger than 15 years of age living in the 21 countries under study, an estimated 507.74 million were exposed to SHS in the home. China, India, Bangladesh, Indonesia and the Philippines accounted for almost 84.6% of the children exposed to SHS. The prevalence of SHS exposure was higher in countries with higher adult smoking rates and was also higher in rural areas than in urban areas, in most countries.

conclusionsA large number of children were exposed to SHS in the home. Encouraging of voluntary smoke-free rules in homes and cessation in adults has the potential to reduce SHS exposure among children and prevent SHS-related diseases and deaths.

Indexed as

AdolescentAir Pollution, IndoorChildChild, PreschoolDeveloped CountriesDeveloping CountriesEnvironmental ExposureGlobal HealthHealth SurveysHumansInfantInfant, NewbornPrevalenceSmokingTobacco Smoke PollutionTobacco Smoke PollutionGlobal healthSecondhand smokeSurveillance and monitoring

Identifiers

PMID26869598
PMCPMC5488799
OpenAlexW2318208204

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.