Trial reportAmerican journal of preventive medicine2016
Extended Self-Help for Smoking Cessation: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Trial report in American journal of preventive medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Extended Self-Help for Smoking Cessation
A Dyad-based Multiple Behavior Intervention for Reducing Lung Cancer Symptoms - a Pilot Randomized Control Trial (Breathe Easier II)
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Differences in the effectiveness of individual-level smoking cessation interventions by socioeconomic status.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Cost-Effectiveness of Community-Based Tobacco Dependence Treatment Interventions: Initial Findings of a Systematic Review.Preventing chronic disease · 2019Pooled it
- Print-based self-help interventions for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- What to do after smoking relapse? A sequential multiple assignment randomized trial of chronic care smoking treatments.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2024Trial
- Efficacy of a Smoking Cessation Intervention for Survivors of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia or Cervical Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Targeted smoking cessation for dual users of combustible and electronic cigarettes: a randomised controlled trial.The Lancet. Public health · 2021Trial
- Abstinence-related motivational engagement for smoking cessation: Longitudinal patterns and predictive validity.PloS one · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Comparing Methods of Recruiting Spanish-Preferring Smokers in the United States: Findings from a Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2020Trial
- Long-term outcomes from a self-help smoking cessation randomized controlled trial.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2018Trial
- A randomized controlled trial of a smoking cessation self-help intervention for dual users of tobacco cigarettes and E-cigarettes: Intervention development and research design.Contemporary clinical trials · 2017Trial
- Mobile App-Based Smoking Cessation in Hispanic or Latino Adults: Culturally Tailored Spanish-Language Formative App Development Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- Effectiveness and Adherence of Standalone Digital Tobacco Cessation Modalities: A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Motivating smoking cessation among patients with cancers not perceived as smoking-related: a targeted intervention.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2025Article
- Development and preliminary evaluation of a structured and personalized self-help smoking cessation program: A prospective observational study.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2025Article
- Dual Use of Combustible Cigarettes and E-cigarettes: a Narrative Review of Current Evidence.Current addiction reports · 2022Article
- Development of a Self-Help Smoking Cessation Intervention for Dual Users of Tobacco Cigarettes and E-Cigarettes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- A Bayesian transition model for missing longitudinal binary outcomes and an application to a smoking cessation study.Statistical modelling · 2020Article
- Cognitive Behavioral and Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Smoking Cessation: a Review of the Recent Literature.Current oncology reports · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionFar too few smokers receive recommended interventions at their healthcare visits, highlighting the importance of identifying effective, low-cost smoking interventions that can be readily delivered. Self-help interventions (e.g., written materials) would meet this need, but they have shown low efficacy. The purpose of this RCT was to determine the efficacy of a self-help intervention with increased duration and intensity.
designRandomized parallel trial design involving enrollment between April 2010 and August 2011 with follow-up data for 24 months. SETTING/
participantsU.S. national sample of daily smokers (N=1,874).
interventionParticipants were randomized to one of three arms of a parallel trial design: Traditional Self-Help (TSH, n=638), Standard Repeated Mailings (SRM, n=614), or Intensive Repeated Mailings (IRM, n=622). TSH received an existing self-help booklet for quitting smoking. SRM received eight different cessation booklets mailed over a 12-month period. IRM received monthly mailings of ten booklets and additional material designed to enhance social support over 18 months.
main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was 7-day point-prevalence abstinence collected at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months.
resultsData were analyzed between 2013 and 2015. A dose-response effect was found across all four follow-up points. For example, by 24 months, IRM produced the highest abstinence rate (30.0%), followed by SRM (24.4%) and TSH (18.9%). The difference in 24-month abstinence rates between IRM and TSH was 11.0% (95% CI=5.7%, 16.3%). Cost analyses indicated that, compared with TSH, the incremental cost per quitter who received SRM and IRM was $560 and $361, respectively.
conclusionsSelf-help interventions with increased intensity and duration resulted in significantly improved abstinence rates that extended 6 months beyond the end of the intervention. Despite the greater intensity, the interventions were highly cost effective, suggesting that widespread dissemination in healthcare settings could greatly enhance quitting.
trial registrationThis study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT01352195.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.