ArticleJournal of the American Geriatrics Society2016
Anesthesia Exposure and Risk of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: A Prospective Study.
Article in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of regional vs. general anesthesia on the risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- Relationship between Surgery under General Anesthesia and the Development of Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.BioMed research international · 2020Pooled it
- Comparison of Cerebral Blood Flow During General Anesthesia in Elderly Patients with and Without Dementia: A Prospective Controlled Clinical Trial.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- The Risk of Dementia after Anesthesia Differs according to the Mode of Anesthesia and Individual Anesthetic Agent.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Dementia Development during Long-Term Follow-Up after Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement with a Biological Prosthesis in a Geriatric Population.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2024Article
- Cohort profile: the China surgery and anesthesia cohort (CSAC).European journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- The Postoperative Effects of Anesthesia Exposure on Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: A Narrative Review.Current Alzheimer research · 2024Review
- Extended anesthesia exposure for abdominal and pelvic procedures in older adults with colorectal cancer: Associations with chart dementia diagnoses.Experimental gerontology · 2022Article
- Development of a machine learning model to predict mild cognitive impairment using natural language processing in the absence of screening.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2022Article
- Assessments of prolonged effects of desflurane and sevoflurane on motor learning deficits in aged AppMolecular brain · 2022Article
- Risk of Dementia According to Surgery Type: A Nationwide Cohort Study.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Risk of Dementia in Patients Who Underwent Surgery under Neuraxial Anesthesia: A Nationwide Cohort Study.Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Article
- Longitudinal Study of the Association between General Anesthesia and Increased Risk of Developing Dementia.Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Article
- Comparison of intravenous sedation using midazolam during dental treatment in elderly patients with/without dementia: a prospective, controlled clinical trial.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Association Between Exposure to General Versus Regional Anesthesia and Risk of Dementia in Older Adults.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2021Article
- Stress Granules Modulate SYK to Cause Tau-Associated Neurocognitive Deterioration in 5XFAD Mouse After Anesthesia and Surgery.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2021Article
- Cognitive Function in Kidney Transplantation.Current transplantation reports · 2020Article
- Conflicting Actions of Inhalational Anesthetics, Neurotoxicity and Neuroprotection, Mediated by the Unfolded Protein Response.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Comparative Effect of Local Anesthesia with Lidocaine 2% Versus Topical Anesthesia on Cognitive Function in Ophthalmic Surgery.Anesthesiology and pain medicine · 2019Article
- Lasting effects of general anesthetics on the brain in the young and elderly: "mixed picture" of neurotoxicity, neuroprotection and cognitive impairment.Journal of anesthesia · 2019Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo evaluate the associations between anesthesia and dementia or Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk using prospectively collected data.
designCohort study.
participantsCommunity-dwelling members of the Adult Changes in Thought cohort aged 65 and older and free of dementia at baseline (N = 3,988). MEASUREMENTS: Participants self-reported all prior surgical procedures with general or neuraxial (spinal or epidural) anesthesia at baseline and reported new procedures every 2 years. People undergoing high-risk surgery with general anesthesia, other surgery with general anesthesia, and other surgery with neuraxial anesthesia exposures were compared with those with no surgery and no anesthesia. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dementia and AD associated with time-varying lifetime and recent (past 5 years) anesthesia exposures.
resultsAt baseline, 254 (6%) people reported never having anesthesia; 248 (6%) had had one or more high-risk surgeries with general anesthesia, 3,363 (84%) had had one or more other surgeries with general anesthesia, and 123 (3%) had had one or more surgeries with neuraxial anesthesia. High-risk surgery with general anesthesia was not associated with greater risk of dementia (HR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.58-1.28) or AD (HR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.61-1.49) than no history of anesthesia. People with any history of other surgery with general anesthesia had a lower risk of dementia (HR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.46-0.85) and AD (HR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.46-0.93) than people with no history of anesthesia. There was no association between recent anesthesia exposure and dementia or AD.
conclusionAnesthesia exposure was not associated with of dementia or AD in older adults.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.