ReviewImmunotherapy2016
Rationally combining anti-VEGF therapy with checkpoint inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Review in Immunotherapy, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 84 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Phase I/II Study of Pembrolizumab and Cabozantinib in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
A Single-arm Study of Toripalimab in Adjuvant Therapy After Resection of High-risk Renal Cancer
Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 150 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heating the Cold: Overcoming Immunotherapy Resistance in Microsatellite-Stable Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Lenvatinib in the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review of economic evaluations.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Reshaping the tumor microenvironment of cold soft-tissue sarcomas with anti-angiogenics: a phase 2 trial of regorafenib combined with avelumab.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Trial
- Regorafenib plus avelumab in advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: a phase 2 trial and correlative analysis.Nature cancer · 2025Trial
- Camrelizumab in combination with apatinib in second-line or above therapy for advanced primary liver cancer: cohort A report in a multicenter phase Ib/II trial.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2021Trial
- Real-World Comparison of Dual Checkpoint Blockade and Immunotherapy Plus TKIs in Metastatic RCC.Cancer medicine · 2026Observational
- Review
- Lenvatinib Added to Nivolumab and Ipilimumab Improves Tumor Control and Progression-Free Survival in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Liver cancer · 2026Article
- Shrinking Giants: On the Feasibility of Downsizing Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Immunotherapy Prior to Liver Transplantation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Vascular endothelial generating factor pathway in ovarian cancer.Journal of ovarian research · 2025Review
- Circulating miR-485-3p as a biomarker for VEGF-associated therapeutic response to atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in hepatocellular carcinoma.Journal of gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Harnessing nanoparticles for reshaping tumor immune microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Comparative efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization with and without PD-1 inhibitor in the treatment of unresectable liver cancer and construction and validation of prognostic models.Translational cancer research · 2025Article
- Article
- Multimodal reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment by MMR and dual checkpoint blockade in hepatocellular carcinoma models.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Immune Microenvironment and the Effect of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibition in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Present and prospect of transarterial chemoembolization combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitor and PD-1 inhibitor for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2024Article
- Applications of Biomolecular Nanostructures for Anti-Angiogenic Theranostics.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Review
- Development of a Multivariate Prognostic Model for Lenvatinib Treatment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.The oncologist · 2023Article
- A multicenter prospective study of TACE combined with lenvatinib and camrelizumab for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a fatal disease with rising incidence in the world. For advanced HCC, sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor, is the only systemic therapy with proven survival benefits. Sorafenib is a pan-VEGF receptor inhibitor, and thus many studies have focused its antivascular effects. But VEGF also acts as an immunosuppressive molecule. VEGF can inhibit maturation of dendritic cells, promote immune suppressive cell infiltration and enhance immune checkpoint molecules expression. On the other hand, potent VEGF inhibition may increase tumor hypoxia, which could hinder antitumor immunity or immunotherapy. Thus, achieving synergy when combining anti-VEGF therapy with immunotherapy may require proper polarization of the tumor microenvironment by dose titration or combination with other immunomodulating agents.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.