ArticleJournal of neurophysiology2016
Arm posture-dependent changes in corticospinal excitability are largely spinal in origin.
Article in Journal of neurophysiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of acute resistance training modality on corticospinal excitability, intra-cortical and neuromuscular responses.European journal of applied physiology · 2017Trial
- Muscle tendon vibration revisited: Why tonic vibration reflex and kinaesthetic illusions matter.The Journal of physiology · 2026Review
- Article
- Forearm rotation and elbow angle differentially modulate biceps brachii and brachioradialis muscle stiffness and EMG activity during low-load isometric contractions: a cross-sectional study in healthy individuals.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2025Article
- The effects of local vibration inducing a tonic vibration reflex or movement illusion on acute modulations of corticospinal excitability.The Journal of physiology · 2025Article
- Doctor, when can I drive? - compensation capability while driving with restricted elbow - a biomechanical analysis.JSES international · 2025Article
- Central mechanisms of muscle tone regulation: implications for pain and performance.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- Enhanced corticospinal excitability in the tibialis anterior during static stretching of the soleus in young healthy individuals.PloS one · 2023Article
- Longing for a Longitudinal Proxy: Acutely Measured Surface EMG Amplitude is not a Validated Predictor of Muscle Hypertrophy.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Article
- Corticomotor excitability of gluteus maximus and hip extensor strength: The influence of sex.Human movement science · 2021Article
- Shoulder position and handedness differentially affect excitability and intracortical inhibition of hand muscles.Experimental brain research · 2021Article
- Transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation increases corticospinal transmission and enhances voluntary motor output in humans.Physiological reports · 2020Article
- Sustained Isometric Wrist Flexion and Extension Maximal Voluntary Contractions on Corticospinal Excitability to Forearm Muscles during Low-Intensity Hand-Gripping.Brain sciences · 2020Article
- The effects of forearm position and contraction intensity on cortical and spinal excitability during a submaximal force steadiness task of the elbow flexors.Journal of neurophysiology · 2020Article
- Muscle length and joint angle influence spinal but not corticospinal excitability to the biceps brachii across forearm postures.Journal of neurophysiology · 2019Article
- Increased Voluntary Activation of the Elbow Flexors Following a Single Session of Spinal Manipulation in a Subclinical Neck Pain Population.Brain sciences · 2019Article
- Effect of movement-related pain on behaviour and corticospinal excitability changes associated with arm movement preparation.The Journal of physiology · 2018Article
- The Reliability of Neurological Measurement in the Vastus Medialis: Implications for Research and Practice.Frontiers in psychology · 2018Article
- Voluntary activation and twitch potentiation of the elbow flexors across supinated, neutral, and pronated forearm orientations.Physiological reports · 2018Article
- Posture interacts with arm weight support to modulate corticomotor excitability to the upper limb.Experimental brain research · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Biceps brachii motor evoked potentials (MEPs) from cortical stimulation are influenced by arm posture. We used subcortical stimulation of corticospinal axons to determine whether this postural effect is spinal in origin. While seated at rest, 12 subjects assumed several static arm postures, which varied in upper-arm (shoulder flexed, shoulder abducted, arm hanging to side) and forearm orientation (pronated, neutral, supinated). Transcranial magnetic stimulation over the contralateral motor cortex elicited MEPs in resting biceps and triceps brachii, and electrical stimulation of corticospinal tract axons at the cervicomedullary junction elicited cervicomedullary motor evoked potentials (CMEPs). MEPs and CMEPs were normalized to the maximal compound muscle action potential (Mmax). Responses in biceps were influenced by upper-arm and forearm orientation. For upper-arm orientation, biceps CMEPs were 68% smaller (P= 0.001), and biceps MEPs 31% smaller (P= 0.012), with the arm hanging to the side compared with when the shoulder was flexed. For forearm orientation, both biceps CMEPs and MEPs were 34% smaller (both P< 0.046) in pronation compared with supination. Responses in triceps were influenced by upper-arm, but not forearm, orientation. Triceps CMEPs were 46% smaller (P= 0.007) with the arm hanging to the side compared with when the shoulder was flexed. Triceps MEPs and biceps and triceps MEP/CMEP ratios were unaffected by arm posture. The novel finding is that arm posture-dependent changes in corticospinal excitability in humans are largely spinal in origin. An interplay of multiple reflex inputs to motoneurons likely explains the results.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.