ArticleEnvironmental health : a global access science source2016
Elevated blood lead and cadmium levels associated with chronic infections among non-smokers in a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data.
Article in Environmental health : a global access science source, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Toxic metal exposure as a possible risk factor for COVID-19 and other respiratory infectious diseases.Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2020Pooled it
- Article
- The association between whole-blood lead concentration and all-cause or cardiovascular disease mortality in hypertensive patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association of urinary metal exposure with H. pylori seropositivity and mortality in the U.S. Population: NHANES 1999-2000 analysis.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Association between heavy metal exposure and bacterial vaginosis: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Zinc Deficiency Exacerbates Lead-Induced Interleukin-2 Suppression by Regulating CREM Expression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Urinary cadmium concentration is associated with the severity and clinical outcomes of COVID-19: a bicenter observational cohort study.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2024Observational
- Associations of exposure to blood heavy metal mixtures withFrontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Association between heavy metals exposure and persistent infections: the mediating role of immune function.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- The exposome and liver disease - how environmental factors affect liver health.Journal of hepatology · 2023Review
- Estimation of health risks associated with dietary cadmium exposure.Archives of toxicology · 2023Review
- Metabolomics: a promising tool for deciphering metabolic impairment in heavy metal toxicities.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Review
- Uncovering the Genetic of Cadmium Accumulation in the Rice 3K Panel.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Epigenetics at the Intersection of COVID-19 Risk and Environmental Chemical Exposures.Current environmental health reports · 2022Review
- Association amongInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Contributing factors common to COVID‑19 and gastrointestinal cancer.Oncology reports · 2022Review
- Protective effect of oral contraceptive againstEpidemiology and infection · 2021Article
- The interplay between environmental exposures and COVID-19 risks in the health of children.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2021Article
- Cytomegalovirus seroprevalence, recurrence, and antibody levels: Associations with cadmium and lead exposures in the general United States population.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2020Article
- Effects of lead and cadmium on the immune system and cancer progression.Journal of environmental health science & engineering · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundExperimental animal studies, in vitro experiments, and clinical assessments have shown that metal toxicity can impair immune responses. We analyzed data from a United States representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to explore associations between chronic infections and elevated blood concentrations of lead and cadmium among non-smoking NHANES participants.
methodsNHANES data from 1999 to 2012 were examined and weighted to represent the United States population. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for heavy metal associations with seropositivity for Helicobacter pylori, Toxoplasma gondii, and Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections.
resultsAvailable 2-year survey cycles for infection seroprevalence varied by pathogen, from 1 to 7 cycles. Available sample size, disease seroprevalence, and participant age range also varied by pathogen of interest. After controlling for demographic characteristics and general health condition, an elevated blood lead level above the survey population median was significantly associated with seropositivity for all three pathogens (AORs = 1.2-1.5). In addition, an elevated blood cadmium level above the median was significantly associated with HBV (AOR = 1.5; 95 % CI = 1.2-2.0) and H. pylori (AOR = 1.5; 95 % CI = 1.2-1.7) seropositivity. Age-specific analyses for H. pylori and T. gondii indicated stronger associations among children under 13 years of age, particularly for lead exposure and H. pylori seropositivity, and weaker associations among those over 35 years of age.
conclusionsThe results of this cross-sectional human health survey suggest that the immunological effects of lead and cadmium toxicity may be associated with an increased susceptibility to chronic infections.
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