ReviewThe American journal of clinical nutrition2016
Best (but oft-forgotten) practices: expressing and interpreting associations and effect sizes in clinical outcome assessments.
Review in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Does supplementation with leucine-enriched protein alone and in combination with fish-oil-derived n-3 PUFA affect muscle mass, strength, physical performance, and muscle protein synthesis in well-nourished older adults? A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2021Trial
- Camp-based family treatment of childhood obesity: randomised controlled trial.Archives of disease in childhood · 2017Trial
- The Impact of Influenza on Health-Related Quality of Life, Work Productivity, and Activity Impairment Among Symptomatic US Patients with Influenza.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- The one-month impact of influenza infection on patient-reported symptom burden among symptomatic U.S. adults with a test-confirmed illness: a longitudinal study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Defining score interpretation thresholds for clinical outcome assessments: a review of terminology and reporting recommendations.Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2025Review
- Conceptualizing meaningful between-group difference in change over time: a demonstration of possible viewpoints.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Impact of the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake on the species diversity of rocky intertidal sessile assemblages.Ecology and evolution · 2024Article
- Effect size varies based on calculation method and may affect interpretation of treatment effect: an illustration using randomised clinical trials in osteoarthritis.Advances in rheumatology (London, England) · 2024Article
- Article
- Causal models and causal modelling in obesity: foundations, methods and evidence.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Review
- Impact of COVID-19 Infection on Health-Related Quality of Life, Work Productivity and Activity Impairment by Symptom-Based Long COVID Status and Age in the US.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Assessment of retrospective collection of EQ-5D-5L in a US COVID-19 population.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2023Article
- Impact of COVID-19 and effects of booster vaccination with BNT162b2 on six-month long COVID symptoms, quality of life, work productivity and activity impairment during Omicron.Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2023Article
- From Meaningful Outcomes to Meaningful Change Thresholds: A Path to Progress for Establishing Digital Endpoints.Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science · 2023Article
- Impact of COVID-19 and effects of BNT162b2 on patient-reported outcomes: quality of life, symptoms, and work productivity among US adult outpatients.Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2022Article
- Reproxalap Activity and Estimation of Clinically Relevant Thresholds for Ocular Itching and Redness in a Randomized Allergic Conjunctivitis Field Trial.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2022Article
- Clinical Trial Endpoints and Their Clinical Meaningfulness in Early Stages of Alzheimer's Disease.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2022Review
- Effect of nutritionally modified infant formula on academic performance: linkage of seven dormant randomised controlled trials to national education data.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2021Article
- Associations Between Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias and Depressive Symptoms of Partner Caregivers.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This article reviews methods used to facilitate the interpretation and evaluation of group-level differences in clinical outcome assessments. These methods complement and supplement tests of statistical significance. Examples, including studies in nutrition, are used to illustrate the application of the interpretation methods for group-level comparisons from experimental or observational studies. In addition, specific pitfalls of evaluating change in meta-analysis studies are described. A set of recommendations is provided. This review is intended as an introduction for the novice and as a refresher for the experienced researcher.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.