ReviewImmunological reviews2016
Regulation of germinal center B-cell differentiation.
Review in Immunological reviews, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 95 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed.
- Functional and Binding H1N1pdm09-Specific Antibody Responses in Occasionally and Repeatedly Vaccinated Healthcare Workers: A Five-Year Study (2009-2014).Frontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- Gastric cancer tertiary lymphoid structures in the muscularis propria are associated with therapy resistance and promote immunosuppression.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Tumor-infiltrating B cells participate in shaping the immunosuppressive microenvironment in solid tumors.International journal of cancer · 2026Review
- Enhancing the breadth of protection in mice with a multivalent influenza vaccine.Communications biology · 2026Article
- High Phosphate Load Induces De Novo Formation of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in the Kidney.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- An influenza HA mRNA-LNP vaccine induces potent responses in newborn nonhuman primates that enhance protection from challenge.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Mastering Immunity: Antibody Feedback as a Driver of Germinal Center Fate and Vaccine Responses.European journal of immunology · 2025Review
- Review
- Innate immunity and training to subvert original antigenic sin by the humoral immune response.eLife · 2025Article
- Interactions Between the Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Trade-off between the antiviral and vaccinal effects of antibody therapy in the humoral response to HIV.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2024Article
- Review
- Helper T Cells are Hyperactive and Contribute to the Dysregulation of Antibody Production in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Multi-dimensional characterization of apoptosis in the tumor microenvironment and therapeutic relevance in melanoma.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- Follicular Helper T Cells and Follicular Regulatory T Cells Involved in Immune Disorders of Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Cellular interactions in tumor microenvironment during breast cancer progression: new frontiers and implications for novel therapeutics.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Review
- Role of B Cells in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection.Vaccines · 2023Review
- The RNA-binding protein hnRNP F is required for the germinal center B cell response.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Immune cells use active tugging forces to distinguish affinity and accelerate evolution.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedCorrigendum.2016
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Germinal centers (GC) are the main sites where antigen-activated B-cell clones expand and undergo immunoglobulin gene hypermutation and selection. Iterations of this process will lead to affinity maturation, replicating Darwinian evolution on the cellular level. GC B-cell selection can lead to four different outcomes: further expansion and evolution, apoptosis (non-selection), or output from the GC with differentiation into memory B cells or plasma cells. T-helper cells in GC have been shown to have a central role in regulating B-cell selection by sensing the density of major histocompatibility complex (MHC):peptide antigen complexes. Antigen is provided on follicular dendritic cells in the form of immune complex. Antibody on these immune complexes regulates antigen accessibility by shielding antigen from B-cell receptor access. Replacement of antibody on immune complexes by antibody generated from GC-derived plasma cell output will gradually reduce the availability of antigen. This antibody feedback can lead to a situation where a slow rise in selection stringency caused by a changing environment leads to directional evolution toward higher affinity antibody.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.